This Week in History

HISTORY, 8 Jun 2015

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

June 8-14

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:

“My strength didn’t come from lifting weights. My strength came from lifting myself up every time I was knocked down.” – Unknown

JUNE 8

1992  The first World Ocean Day is celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

1987  New Zealand‘s Labour government establishes a national nuclear-free zone under the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987.

1984  Homosexuality is declared legal in the Australian state of New South Wales.

1982  Bluff Cove Air Attacks during the Falklands War: 56 British servicemen are killed by an Argentine air attack on two landing ships, RFA Sir Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram.

1972  Vietnam War: The Associated Press photographer Nick Ut takes his Pulitzer Prize-winning photo of a naked 9-year-old Phan Thị Kim Phúc running down a road after being burned by napalm.

1968  Robert F. Kennedy‘s funeral takes place at the St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York City.

1967  Six-Day War: The Israeli army enters Hebron and the Cave of the Patriarchs.

1967  Six-Day War: The USS Liberty incident occurs, killing 34 and wounding 171.

1959  The USS Barbero and United States Postal Service attempt the delivery of mail via Missile Mail.

1953  The United States Supreme Court rules that restaurants in Washington, D.C., cannot refuse to serve black patrons.

1942  World War II: The Japanese imperial submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle.

1941  World War II: Allies invade Syria and Lebanon.

1940  World War II: the completion of Operation Alphabet, the evacuation of Allied forces from Narvik at the end of the Norwegian Campaign.

1928  Second Northern Expedition: The National Revolutionary Army captures Peking, whose name is changed to Beijing (“Northern Capital”).

1906  Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.

1887  Herman Hollerith applies for US patent #395,791 for the ‘Art of Applying Statistics’ – his punched card calculator.

1856  A group of 194 Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the mutineers of HMS Bounty, arrives at Norfolk Island, commencing the Third Settlement of the Island.

1794  Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution‘s new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France.

 

 

JUNE 9

2014  Russia seeks to intimidate Finland out of thoughts of joining NATO; a representative of Russian President Vladimir Putin suggested that any moves by Finland to do so could potentially trigger World War III.

2006  60th Anniversary Celebrations of Bhumibol Adulyadej‘s Accession.

1999  Kosovo War: the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and NATO sign a peace treaty.

1985  Thomas Sutherland is kidnapped in Lebanon. He will not be released until 1991.

1978  The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints opens its priesthood to “all worthy men”, ending a 148-year-old policy of excluding black men.

1974  Portugal and the Soviet Union establish diplomatic relations.

1968  U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson declares a national day of mourning following the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.

1967  Six-Day War: Israel captures the Golan Heights from Syria

1965  Vietnam War: The Viet Cong commences combat with the Army of the Republic of Vietnam in the Battle of Đồng Xoài, one of the largest battles in the war.

1965  The civilian Prime Minister of South Vietnam, Phan Huy Quát, resigns after being unable to work with a junta led by Nguyễn Cao Kỳ.

1959 The USS George Washington is launched. It is the first submarine to carry ballistic missiles.

1954  McCarthyism: Joseph Welch, special counsel for the United States Army, lashes out at Senator Joseph McCarthy during hearings on whether Communism has infiltrated the Army giving McCarthy the famous rebuke, “You’ve done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?”

1948  Foundation of the International Council on Archives under the auspices of the UNESCO.

1946  King Ananda Mahidol is found shot dead in his bedroom, Bhumibol Adulyadej ascends to the throne of Thailand. He is currently the world’s longest reigning monarch.

1944  World War II: the Soviet Union invades East Karelia and the previously Finnish part of Karelia, occupied by Finland since 1941.

1944  World War II: 99 civilians are hanged from lampposts and balconies by German troops in Tulle, France, in reprisal for maquisards attacks.

1923  Bulgaria‘s military takes over the government in a coup.

1900  Birsa Munda, an important figure in the Indian independence movement, dies in a British prison under mysterious circumstances.

1885  Treaty of Tientsin is signed to end the Sino-French War, with China eventually giving up Tonkin and Annam – most of present-day Vietnam – to France.

1856  500 Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa, and head west for Salt Lake City carrying all their possessions in two-wheeled handcarts.

1815  End of the Congress of Vienna: the new European political situation is set. Also, Luxembourg declares independence from the French Empire.

1798  Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Arklow and Battle of Saintfield.

1762  British forces begin the Siege of Havana and capture the city during the Seven Years’ War.

1667  Second Anglo-Dutch War: The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet begins. It lasts for five days and results in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy.

 

 

JUNE 10

2002  The first direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans is carried out by Kevin Warwick in the United Kingdom.

1999  Kosovo War: NATO suspends its air strikes after Slobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo.

1997  Before fleeing his northern stronghold, Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen’s family members.

1996  Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without the participation of Sinn Féin.

1980  The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight from their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.

1977  The Apple II, one of the first personal computers, goes on sale.

1967  Argentina becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

1967  The Six-Day War ends: Israel and Syria agree to a cease-fire.

1964  United States Senate breaks a 75-day filibuster against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, leading to the bill’s passage.

1963  Equal Pay Act of 1963 aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex (see Gender pay gap). It was signed into law on June 10, 1963 by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Frontier Program

1945  Australian Imperial Forces land in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.

1944  World War II: In Distomo, Boeotia, Greece 218 men, women and children are massacred by German troops.

1944  World War II: Six hundred forty-two men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France.

1942  World War II: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice in reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.

1940  World War II: Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.

1940  World War II: Norway surrenders to German forces.

1940  World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy’s actions with his “Stab in the Back” speech at the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.

1935  Chaco War ends: a truce is called between Bolivia and Paraguay who had been fighting since 1932.

1935  Dr. Robert Smith takes his last drink, and Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by him and Bill Wilson.

1924  Fascists kidnap and kill Italian Socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.

1918  The Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent István sinks off the Croatian coast after being torpedoed by an Italian MAS motorboat; the event is recorded by camera from a nearby vessel.

1916  An Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire led by Lawrence of Arabia breaks out.

1898  Spanish–American War: U.S. Marines land on the island of Cuba.

1886  Mount Tarawera in New Zealand erupts, killing 153 people and destroying the famous Pink and White Terraces. Eruptions continue for 3 months creating a large, 17 km long fissure across the mountain peak.

1878  League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stephano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria and Greece.

1871  Sinmiyangyo: Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 US Marines in a naval attack on Han River forts on Kanghwa Island, Korea.

1854  The first class of United States Naval Academy students graduate.

1838  Myall Creek massacre: Twenty-eight Aboriginal Australians are murdered.

 

 

JUNE 11

2004  Cassini–Huygens makes its closest flyby of the Saturn moon Phoebe.

2002  Antonio Meucci is acknowledged as the first inventor of the telephone by the United States Congress.

2001  Timothy McVeigh is executed for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.

1987  Diane Abbott, Paul Boateng and Bernie Grant are elected as the first black Parliamentarians in Great Britain.

1981  A Richter scale 6.9 magnitude earthquake at Golbaf, Iran, kills at least 2,000.

1978  Altaf Hussain founds the students’ political movement All Pakistan Muhajir Students Organisation (APMSO) in Karachi University.

1971  The U.S. Government forcibly removes the last holdouts to the Native American Occupation of Alcatraz, ending 19 months of control.

1970  After being appointed on May 15, Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington officially receive their ranks as U.S. Army Generals, becoming the first females to do so.

1963  John F. Kennedy addresses Americans from the Oval Office proposing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that would revolutionize American society. Proposing equal access to public facilities, end segregation in education and guarantee federal protection for voting rights.

1963  Buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức burns himself with gasoline in a busy Saigon intersection to protest the lack of religious freedom in South Vietnam.

1963  American Civil Rights Movement: Governor of Alabama George Wallace defiantly stands at the door of Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama in an attempt to block two black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from attending that school. Later in the day, accompanied by federalized National Guard troops, they are able to register.

1956  Start of Gal Oya riots, the first reported ethnic riots that target minority Sri Lankan Tamils in the Eastern Province. The total number of deaths is reportedly 150.

1944  USS Missouri, the last battleship built by the United States Navy and future site of the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, is commissioned.

1942  Free French Forces retreat from Bir Hakeim after having successfully delayed the Axis advance.

1942  World War II: The United States agrees to send Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union.

1938  Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Wuhan starts.

1937  Great Purge: The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin executes eight army leaders.

1936  The London International Surrealist Exhibition opens.

1935  Inventor Edwin Armstrong gives the first public demonstration of FM broadcasting in the United States at Alpine, New Jersey.

1917  King Alexander assumes the throne of Greece after his father Constantine I abdicates under pressure by allied armies occupying Athens.

1903  A group of Serbian officers stormed royal palace and assassinated King Alexander Obrenović and his wife queen Draga.

1901  The bountaries of the Colony of New Zealand are extended by the UK to include the Cook Islands.

1898  The Hundred Days’ Reform is started by Guangxu Emperor with a plan to change social, political and educational institutions in China, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days. The failed reform though led to the abolition of the Imperial examination in 1905.

1898  Spanish–American War: U.S. war ships set sail for Cuba.

1865  The Naval Battle of Riachuelo is fought on the rivulet Riachuelo (Argentina), between the Paraguayan Navy on one side and the Brazilian Navy on the other. The Brazilian victory was crucial for the later success of the Triple Alliance (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina) in the Paraguayan War.

1837  The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, fueled by ethnic tensions between Yankees and Irish.

1825  The first cornerstone is laid for Fort Hamilton in New York City.

1778  Russian explorer Gerasim Izmailov reaches Alaska.

1776  The Continental Congress appoints Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston to the Committee of Five to draft a declaration of independence.

1775  The American Revolutionary War‘s first naval engagement, the Battle of Machias, results in the capture of a small British naval vessel.

1770  British explorer Captain James Cook runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef.

 

 

JUNE 12

2009  A disputed presidential election in Iran leads to wide ranging protests in Iran and around the world.

1999  Kosovo War: Operation Joint Guardian begins when a NATO-led United Nations peacekeeping force (KFor) enters the province of Kosovo in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

1996  In Philadelphia, a panel of federal judges blocks a law against indecency on the internet.

1994 Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman are murdered outside her home in Los Angeles, California. O.J. Simpson is later acquitted of the killings, but is held liable in wrongful death civil suit.

1993  An election takes place in Nigeria which and is later annulled by the military Government led by Ibrahim Babangida.

1991  1991 Kokkadichcholai massacre: the Sri Lankan Army massacres 152 minority Tamil civilians in the village Kokkadichcholai near the eastern province town of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka.

1991  Russians elect Boris Yeltsin as the president of the republic.

1990  Russia Day: The parliament of the Russian Federation formally declares its sovereignty.

1987  Cold War: At the Brandenburg Gate U.S. President Ronald Reagan publicly challenges Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.

1987  The Central African Republic‘s former Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa is sentenced to death for crimes he had committed during his 13-year rule.

1964  Anti-apartheid activist and ANC leader Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison for sabotage in South Africa.

1963  Civil rights leader Medgar Evers is murdered in front of his home in Jackson, Mississippi by Ku Klux Klan member Byron De La Beckwith.

1954  Pope Pius XII canonises Dominic Savio, who was 14 years old at the time of his death, as a saint, making him the youngest unmartyred saint in the Roman Catholic Church.

1952  USSR declares peace treaty with Japan invalid.

1944  American paratroopers of the 101st Airborne Division secure the town of Carentan.

1943  Holocaust: Germany liquidates the Jewish Ghetto in Brzeżany, Poland (now Berezhany, Ukraine). Around 1,180 Jews are led to the city’s old Jewish graveyard and shot.

1942  Anne Frank receives a diary for her thirteenth birthday.

1940  World War II: Thirteen thousand British and French troops surrender to Major General Erwin Rommel at Saint-Valery-en-Caux.

1898  Philippine Declaration of Independence: General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines‘ independence from Spain.

1860  The State Bank of the Russian Empire is established.

1798  Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Ballynahinch.

1758  French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg – James Wolfe‘s attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia commences.

 

 

JUNE 13

2012  A series of bombings across Iraq, including Baghdad, Hillah and Kirkuk, kills at least 93 people and wounds over 300 others.

2002  The United States withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.

2000  Italy pardons Mehmet Ali Agca, the Turkish gunman who tried to kill Pope John Paul II in 1981.

2000  President Kim Dae Jung of South Korea meets Kim Jong-il, leader of North Korea, for the beginning of the first ever inter-Korea summit, in the northern capital of Pyongyang.

1997  A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to death for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.

1994  A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, blames recklessness by Exxon and Captain Joseph Hazelwood for the Exxon Valdez disaster, allowing victims of the oil spill to seek $15 billion in damages.

1990  First day of the June 1990 Mineriad in Romania. At least 240 strikers and students are arrested or killed in the chaos ensuing from the first post-Ceausescu elections.

1978  Israeli Defense Forces withdraw from Lebanon.

1971  Vietnam War: The New York Times begins publication of the Pentagon Papers.

1969  Governor of Texas Preston Smith signs a bill into law converting the former Southwest Center for Advanced Studies, originally founded as a research arm of Texas Instruments, into the University of Texas at Dallas.

1967  U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominates Solicitor-General Thurgood Marshall to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.

1966  The United States Supreme Court rules in Miranda v. Arizona that the police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning them.

1944  World War II: Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England. Only four of the eleven bombs actually hit their targets.

1944  World War II: German combat elements – reinforced by the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division – launch a counterattack on American forces near Carentan.

1944  Nazi Germany begins V-1 (Fieseler Fi-103) flying bomb (doodle-bugs) attacks.

1917  World War I: The deadliest German air raid on London during World War I is carried out by Gotha G bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children, and 432 injuries.

1774  Rhode Island becomes the first of Britain’s North American colonies to ban the importation of slaves.

 

 

JUNE 14

2002  Near-Earth asteroid 2002 MN misses the Earth by 75,000 miles (121,000 km), about one-third of the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

1985  TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Lebanese Islamist organization Hezbollah shortly after take-off from Athens, Greece.

1982  Falklands War: Argentine forces in the capital Stanley conditionally surrender to British forces.

1967  The People’s Republic of China tests its first hydrogen bomb.

1966  The Vatican announces the abolition of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (“index of prohibited books”), which was originally instituted in 1557.

1962  The European Space Research Organisation is established in Paris – later becoming the European Space Agency.

1959  A group of Dominican exiles depart from Cuba and land in the Dominican Republic with the intent of overthrowing the totalitarian government of Rafael Trujillo. All but four are killed or executed.

1955  Chile becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.

1954  U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law that places the words “under God” into the United States Pledge of Allegiance.

1952  The keel is laid for the nuclear submarine USS Nautilus.

1951  UNIVAC I is dedicated by the U.S. Census Bureau.

1945  World War II: Filipino troops of the 15th, 66th and 121st Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL liberate the captured in Ilocos Sur and start the Battle of Bessang Pass in Northern Luzon.

1944  World War II: After several failed attempts, the British Army abandons Operation Perch, its plan to capture the German-occupied town of Caen.

1941  June deportation: the first major wave of Soviet mass deportations and murder of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians, begins.

1940  A group of 728 Polish political prisoners from Tarnów become the first residents of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

1940  The Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Lithuania resulting in Lithuanian loss of independence.

1940  World War II: Paris falls under German occupation, and Allied forces retreat.

1937  U.S. House of Representatives passes the Marihuana Tax Act.

1926  Brazil leaves the League of Nations.

1919  John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart from St. John’s, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight.

1907  Norway grants women the right to vote.

1900  The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.

1900  Hawaii becomes a United States territory.

1846  Bear Flag Revolt begins – Anglo settlers in Sonoma, California, start a rebellion against Mexico and proclaim the California Republic.

1830  Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: 34,000 French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometers west at Sidi Fredj.

1822  Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled “Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables”.

______________________________

Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, originally from Japan.

(Sources and references: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_8 to June_14; http://www.historyorb.com/day/june/8?p=2 to june/14; http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/june_8.html to june_14.html; and other pertinent web sites and/or documents, mentioned above.) Note that the views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the editor/complier of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the TMS is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 8 Jun 2015.

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