This Week in History

HISTORY, 15 Jun 2015

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

June 15-21

QUOTE OF THE WEEK

“I am always doing that which I cannot do, in order that I may learn how to do it.” – Pablo Picasso

JUNE 15

2001  Leaders of the People’s Republic of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

1994  Israel and Vatican City establish full diplomatic relations.

1992  The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. Álvarez-Machaín that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the USA for trial, without approval from those other countries.

1991  In the Philippines, Mount Pinatubo erupts in the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th Century. In the end, over 800 people die.

1972  Red Army Faction co-founder Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen.

1944  World War II: Battle of Saipan: The United States invade Japanese-occupied Saipan.

1940  World War II: Operation Ariel begins – Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany‘s takeover of Paris and most of the nation.

1934  The U.S. Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.

1920  A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.

1920  Duluth lynchings in Minnesota.

1919  John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first nonstop transatlantic flight when they reach Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.

1913  The Battle of Bud Bagsak in the Philippines ends.

1896  The deadliest tsunami in Japan‘s history kills more than 22,000 people.

1877  Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.

1867  Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode gold mine located in Montana.

1864  Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200 acres (0.81 km2) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.

1859  Pig War: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the “Northwestern Boundary Dispute” between United States and British/Canadian settlers.

1846  The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

1844  Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.

 

 

JUNE 16

2010  Bhutan becomes the first country to institute a total ban on tobacco.

2000  Israel complies with United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 22 years after its issuance, which calls on Israel to completely withdraw from Lebanon. Israel does so, except the disputed Shebaa farms.

1993  UN authorizes worldwide oil embargo against Haiti.

1989  Revolutions of 1989: Imre Nagy, the former Hungarian Prime Minister, is reburied in Budapest following the collapse of Communism in Hungary.

1983  USSR party leader Yuri Andropov elected president.

1981  U.S. President Ronald Reagan awards the Congressional Gold Medal to Ken Taylor, Canada’s former ambassador to Iran, for helping six Americans escape from Iran during the hostage crisis of 1979-81; he is the first foreign citizen bestowed the honor.

1977  Oracle Corporation is incorporated in Redwood Shores, California, as Software Development Laboratories (SDL) by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates.

1976  Soweto uprising: a non-violent march by 15,000 students in Soweto, South Africa turns into days of rioting when police open fire on the crowd.

1972  The largest single-site hydroelectric power project in Canada is inaugurated at Churchill Falls Generating Station.

1958  Imre Nagy, Pál Maléter and other leaders of the 1956 Hungarian Uprising are executed.

1955  In a futile effort to topple President Juan Perón, rogue aircraft pilots of the Argentine Navy drop several bombs upon an unarmed crowd demonstrating in favor of Perón in Buenos Aires, killing 364 and injuring at least 800. At the same time on the ground, some forces soldiers attempt to stage a coup but are suppressed by loyal forces.

1948  Members of the Malayan Communist Party kill three British plantation managers in Sungai Siput; in response, British Malaya declares a state of emergency.

1940  A Communist government is installed in Lithuania.

1940  World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l’État Français).

1933  The National Industrial Recovery Act is passed.

1930  Sovnarkom establishes decree time in the USSR.

1925  The most famous Young Pioneer camp of the Soviet Union, Artek, is established.

1924  The Whampoa Military Academy is founded.

1915  Foundation of the British Women’s Institute.

1911  IBM founded as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in Endicott, New York.

1904  Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolai Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland.

1903  The Ford Motor Company is incorporated.

1897  A treaty annexing the Republic of Hawaii to the United States is signed; the Republic would not be dissolved until a year later.

1871  The University Tests Act allows students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests (except for those intending to study theology).

1858  Abraham Lincoln delivers his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois.

1858  The Battle of Morar takes place during the Indian Mutiny.

1846  The Papal conclave of 1846 concludes. Pope Pius IX is elected Pope beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy.

 

 

JUNE 17

1994  Following a televised low-speed highway chase, O.J. Simpson is arrested for the murders of his wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ronald Goldman.

1992  A “joint understanding” agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. President George Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin (this would be later codified in START II).

1991  Apartheid: The South African Parliament repeals the Population Registration Act which required racial classification of all South Africans at birth.

1987  With the death of the last individual of the species, the Dusky Seaside Sparrow becomes extinct.

1985  STS-51-G Space Shuttle Discovery launches carrying Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the first Arab and first Muslim in space, as a Payload Specialist.

1982  US President Reagan 1st UN General Assembly address “We must serve mankind through genuine disarmament.”

1972  Watergate scandal: Five White House operatives are arrested for burgling the offices of the Democratic National Committee, in an attempt by some members of the Republican party to illegally wiretap the opposition.

1971  President Richard Nixon declares the U.S. War on Drugs.

1967  The People’s Republic of China announces a successful test of its first thermonuclear weapon.

1963  A day after South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem announced the Joint Communique to end the Buddhist crisis, a riot involving around 2,000 people breaks out. One person is killed

1963  The United States Supreme Court rules 8–1 in Abington School District v. Schempp against requiring the reciting of Bible verses and the Lord’s Prayer in public schools.

1960  The Nez Perce tribe is awarded $4 million for 7 million acres (28,000 km2) of land undervalued at 4 cents/acre in the 1863 treaty.

1953  East Germany Workers Uprising: In East Germany, the Soviet Union orders a division of troops into East Berlin to quell a rebellion.

1944  Iceland declares independence from Denmark and becomes a republic.

1940  The three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania fall under the occupation of the Soviet Union.

1940  World War II: The British Army‘s 11th Hussars assault and take Fort Capuzzo in Libya, Africa from Italian forces.

1940  World War II: RMS Lancastria is attacked and sunk by the Luftwaffe near Saint-Nazaire, France. At least 3,000 are killed in Britain’s worst maritime disaster.

1940  USSR occupies Estonia.

1939  Last public guillotining in France: Eugen Weidmann, a convicted murderer, is guillotined in Versailles outside the Saint-Pierre prison.

1933  Union Station Massacre: In Kansas City, Missouri, four FBI agents and captured fugitive Frank Nash are gunned down by gangsters attempting to free Nash.

1932  Bonus Army: Around a thousand World War I veterans amass at the United States Capitol as the U.S. Senate considers a bill that would give them certain benefits.

1930  U.S. President Herbert Hoover signs the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act into law.

1900  Boxer Rebellion: Allied Western and Japanese forces capture the Taku Forts in Tianjin, China.

1885  The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor.

1877  Wars of Native people of north America: Battle of White Bird Canyon – the Nez Perce defeat the U.S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory.

1876  Wars of Native people of north America: Battle of the Rosebud – 1,500 Sioux and Cheyenne led by Crazy Horse beat back General George Crook‘s forces at Rosebud Creek in Montana Territory.

1843  The Wairau Affray, the first serious clash of arms between Māori and British settlers in the New Zealand Wars, takes place.

1839  In the Kingdom of Hawaii, Kamehameha III issues the edict of toleration which gives Roman Catholics the freedom to worship in the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii Catholic Church and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace are established as a result.

1795  The burghers of Swellendam expel the Dutch East India Company magistrate and declare a republic.

1789  In France, the Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly.

 

 

JUNE 18

2006  The first Kazakh space satellite, KazSat is launched.

1996  Ted Kaczynski, suspected of being the Unabomber, is indicted on ten criminal counts.

1983  Mona Mahmudnizhad together with nine other Bahá’í women, is sentenced to death and hanged in Shiraz, Iran because of her Bahá’í Faith.

1983  Space Shuttle program: STS-7, Astronaut Sally Ride becomes the first American woman in space.

1981  The Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, the first operational aircraft initially designed around stealth technology, makes its first flight.

1979  SALT II is signed by the United States and the Soviet Union.

1965  Vietnam War: The United States uses B-52 bombers to attack National Liberation Front guerrilla fighters in South Vietnam.

1954  Pierre Mendès-France becomes Prime Minister of France.

1953  A United States Air Force C-124 crashes and burns near Tachikawa, Japan, killing 129.

1953  The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 ends with the overthrow of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty and the declaration of the Republic of Egypt.

1946  Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, a Socialist, calls for a Direct Action Day against the Portuguese in Goa. A road is named after this date in Panjim.

1945  William Joyce (“Lord Haw-Haw“) is charged with treason for his pro-German propaganda broadcasting during World War II.

1940  “Finest Hour” speech by Winston Churchill.

1940  Appeal of June 18 by Charles de Gaulle.

1928  Aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly in an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean (she is a passenger; Wilmer Stultz is the pilot and Lou Gordon the mechanic).

1908  The University of the Philippines is established.

1908  Japanese immigration to Brazil begins when 781 people arrive in Santos aboard the ship Kasato-Maru.

1900  Empress Dowager Longyu of China orders all foreigners killed, including foreign diplomats and their families.

1887  The Reinsurance Treaty between Germany and Russia is signed.

1873  Susan B. Anthony is fined $100 for attempting to vote in the 1872 presidential election.

1859  First ascent of Aletschhorn, second summit of the Bernese Alps.

1858  Charles Darwin receives a paper from Alfred Russel Wallace that includes nearly identical conclusions about evolution as Darwin’s own, prompting Darwin to publish his theory.

1830  French invasion of Algeria.

1815  Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Waterloo results in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher forcing him to abdicate the throne of France for the second and last time.

 

 

JUNE 19

2013  48 people are killed by armed bandits in Zamfara State, Nigeria.

2012  WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange requested asylum in Ecuadorian Embassy in London for fear of extradition to the US after publication of previously classified documents including footage of civilian killings by the US army.

2010  Rival clashes between nomadic groups in the Darfur region of Sudan kills at least 48 people.

2009  War in North-West Pakistan: The Pakistani Armed Forces open Operation Rah-e-Nijat against the Taliban and other Islamist rebels in the South Waziristan area of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas.

2009  Mass riots involving over 10,000 people and 10,000 police officers break out in Shishou, China, over the dubious circumstances surrounding the death of a local chef.

2007  The al-Khilani Mosque bombing in Baghdad leaves 78 people dead and another 218 injured.

1991  The Soviet occupation of Hungary ends.

1990  The Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic is founded in Moscow.

1990  The current international law defending indigenous peoples, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989, is ratified for the first time by Norway.

1985  Members of the Revolutionary Party of Central American Workers, dressed as Salvadoran soldiers, attack the Zona Rosa area of San Salvador.

1982  The body of “God’s Banker”, Roberto Calvi, is found hanging beneath Blackfriars Bridge in London.

1982  In one of the first militant attacks by Hezbollah, David S. Dodge, president of the American University of Beirut, is kidnapped.

1970  The Patent Cooperation Treaty is signed.

1966  Shiv Sena a political party in India is founded in Mumbai.

1965  Nguyễn Cao Kỳ becomes Prime Minister of South Vietnam at the head of a military junta; General Nguyễn Văn Thiệu becomes the figurehead chief of state.

1964  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is approved after surviving an 83-day filibuster in the United States Senate.

1961  Kuwait declares independence from the United Kingdom.

1953  Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are executed at Sing Sing, in New York.

1944  – World War II: First day of the Battle of the Philippine Sea.

1934  The Communications Act of 1934 establishes the United States’ Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

1913  Natives Land Act, 1913 in South Africa implemented.

1910  The first Father’s Day is celebrated in Spokane, Washington.

1875  The Herzegovinian rebellion against the Ottoman Empire begins.

1867  Maximilian I of the Second Mexican Empire is executed by a firing squad in Querétaro, Querétaro.

1865  Over two years after the Emancipation Proclamation, slaves in Galveston, Texas, United States, are finally informed of their freedom. The anniversary is still officially celebrated in Texas and 41 other contiguous states as Juneteenth.

1862  The U.S. Congress prohibits slavery in United States territories, nullifying Dred Scott v. Sandford.

1857  19 June 1857 law (Loi relative à l’assainissement et de mise en culture des Landes de Gascogne): a turning point in the history of the Landes forest.

 

 

JUNE 20

2001  Andrea Yates, in an attempt to save her young children from Satan, drowns all five of them in a bathtub in Houston, Texas.

1991  The German Bundestag votes to move the capital from Bonn back to Berlin.

1990  Asteroid Eureka is discovered.

1982  The Argentine base Corbeta Uruguay on Southern Thule surrenders to Royal Marine commandos in the final action of the Falklands War.

1979  ABC News correspondent Bill Stewart is shot dead by a Nicaraguan soldier under the regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle. The murder is caught on tape and sparks an international outcry against the regime.

1973  Ezeiza massacre in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Snipers fire upon left-wing Peronists. At least 13 are killed and more than 300 are injured.

1972  Watergate scandal: An 18½-minute gap appears in the tape recording of the conversations between U.S. President Richard Nixon and his advisers regarding the recent arrests of his operatives while breaking into the Watergate complex.

1963  The so-called “red telephone” link is established between the Soviet Union and the United States following the Cuban Missile Crisis.

1960  The Mali Federation gains independence from France (it later splits into Mali and Senegal).

1945  The United States Secretary of State approves the transfer of Wernher von Braun and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to America.

1944  Continuation war: the Soviet Union demands an unconditional surrender from Finland during the beginning of partially successful Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive. The Finnish government refuses.

1944  World War II: The Battle of the Philippine Sea concludes with a decisive U.S. naval victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the “Great Marianas Turkey Shoot”.

1943  German round up Jews in Amsterdam.

1942  The Holocaust: Kazimierz Piechowski and three others, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, steal an SS staff car and escape from the Auschwitz concentration camp.

1940  World War II: Italy begins an unsuccessful invasion of France.

1900  Baron Eduard Toll, leader of the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900, departs Saint Petersburg in Russia on the explorer ship Zarya, never to return.

1895  The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.

1887  Victoria Terminus, the busiest railway station in India, opens in Bombay.

1877  Alexander Graham Bell installs the world’s first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

1862  Barbu Catargiu, the Prime Minister of Romania, is assassinated.

1837  Queen Victoria succeeds to the British throne.

 

 

JUNE 21

2009  Greenland assumes self-rule.

2006  Pluto‘s newly discovered moons are officially named Nix & Hydra.

2000  Section 28 (of the Local Government Act 1988), outlawing the ‘promotion’ of homosexuality in the United Kingdom, is repealed in Scotland with a 99 to 17 vote.

1990  An earthquake near the Caspian Sea in Iran kills more than 50,000 and injures another 135,000 people.

1970  Penn Central declares Section 77 bankruptcy, largest ever US corporate bankruptcy up to this date.

1964  Three civil rights workers, Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Mickey Schwerner, are murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi, United States, by members of the Ku Klux Klan.

1957  Ellen Fairclough is sworn in as Canada’s first female Cabinet Minister.

1942  World War II: A Japanese submarine surfaces near the Columbia River in Oregon, firing 17 shells at nearby Fort Stevens in one of only a handful of attacks by Japan against the United States mainland.

1942  World War II: Tobruk falls to Italian and German forces.

1940  The first successful west-to-east navigation of Northwest Passage begins at Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

1930  One-year conscription comes into force in France.

1929  An agreement brokered by U.S. Ambassador Dwight Whitney Morrow ends the Cristero War in Mexico.

1919  Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney. The nine sailors killed are the last casualties of World War I.

1898  The United States captures Guam from Spain.

1864  New Zealand Land Wars: The Tauranga Campaign ends.

1854  The first Victoria Cross is awarded during the bombardment of Bomarsund in the Åland Islands.

1848  In the Wallachian Revolution, Ion Heliade Rădulescu and Christian Tell issue the Proclamation of Islaz and create a new republican government.

1826  Maniots defeat Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Vergas.

______________________________

Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment originally from Japan.

(Sources and references: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_15 to June_21; to june/21; http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/june_8.html to june_21.html; and other pertinent web sites and/or documents, mentioned above.) Note that the views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents. Also note that one of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about “peace”, including positive peace and negative peace, as well as external/outer peace and internal/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address “peace” through peace journalism.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 15 Jun 2015.

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