This Week in History

HISTORY, 1 Feb 2016

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

TWH logo history

Feb 1-7

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:

“In every walk in nature one receives far more than he seeks.” – John Muir

FEBRUARY 1

2013  The Shard, the tallest building in the European Union, is opened to the public.

2009  The first cabinet of Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir was formed in Iceland, making her the country’s first female prime minister and the world’s first openly LGBT head of government.

Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir:

LGBT Rights:

2005  King Gyanendra of Nepal carries out a coup d’état to capture the democracy, becoming Chairman of the Councils of ministers.

Nepal in 2005:

History of Nepal:

Nepal:

Foreign Relations of Nepal:

Nepal-Britain Relations:

Economy of Nepal:

2003  Space Shuttle Columbia on mission STS-107 disintegrates during reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard.

Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster:

2002  Daniel Pearl, American journalist and South Asia Bureau Chief of the Wall Street Journal, kidnapped January 23, 2002, is beheaded and mutilated by his captors.

Daniel Pearl, His Abduction and His Death:

Islam and Beheading:

Verses about Beheading in the Bible and in the Koran:

2001  Putrajaya, the Malaysian administrative city, is declared a Federal Territory.

1998  Rear Admiral Lillian E. Fishburne becomes the first female African American to be promoted to rear admiral.

1990  Humanitas publishing house is founded in Bucharest, shortly after the Romanian Revolution, by the philosopher Gabriel Liiceanu.

1983  USSR performs underground nuclear test.

[Note that this test on February 1, 1983, if it was actually performed, is not enlisted in 1983 Soviet nuclear tests – Wikipedia, although it is indicated in on the websites of Today in History on 1st February 1983 and of February 1, 1983 in History of Brainy History. Other pertinent databases, including Database of nuclear tests, USSR/Russia: overview and Soviet Nuclear Test Summary, do not indicate the exact date of the nuclear test.]

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1982  Senegal and the Gambia form a loose confederation known as Senegambia.

1979  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1979  The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile.

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini:

Iran’s Islamic Revolution of 1979:

1974  Kuala Lumpur is declared a Federal Territory.

1972  Kuala Lumpur becomes a city by a royal charter granted by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.

1968  Canada’s three military services, the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force, are unified into the Canadian Forces.

1968  Vietnam War: The execution of Viet Cong officer Nguyễn Văn Lém by South Vietnamese National Police Chief Nguyễn Ngọc Lo3an is videotaped and photographed by Eddie Adams. This image helped build opposition to the Vietnam War.

1968 in the Vietnam War:

Execution of Viet Cong Officer Nguyễn Văn Lém:

Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events:

Anti-Viet Nam War Movement or Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War:

1960  Four black students stage the first of the Greensboro sit-ins at a lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina.

1957  Felix Wankel‘s first working prototype (DKM 54) of the Wankel engine runs at the NSU research and development department Versuchsabteilung TX in Germany

1951  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1950  USSR demands condemnation of Emperor Hirohito for war crimes.

Emperor Hirohito and His/Japan’s War Crimes:

Status of the Emperor of Japan in the Two Constitutions:

1946  The Parliament of Hungary abolishes the monarchy after nine centuries, and proclaims the Hungarian Republic.

See also “October 23, 1989 The Hungarian Republic is officially declared by president Mátyás Szűrös, replacing the communist Hungarian People’s Republic.”

History of Hungary:

Hungary:

Foreign Relations of Hungary:

Economy of Hungary:

1946  Trygve Lie of Norway is picked to be the first United Nations Secretary-General.

Trygve Halvdan Lie:

UN Secretary-General:

Selection of the UN Secretary-General:

1942  Voice of America, the official external radio and television service of the United States government, begins broadcasting with programs aimed at areas controlled by the Axis powers.

1942  World War II: US Navy conducts Marshalls–Gilberts raids, the first offensive action by the United States against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater.

1942  World War II: Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar of German-occupied Norway, appoints Vidkun Quisling the Minister President of the National Government.

1924  The United Kingdom recognizes the USSR.

1918  Russia adopts the Gregorian calendar.

1908  King Carlos I of Portugal and his son, Prince Luis Filipe, are killed in Terreiro do Paço, Lisbon.

1895  Fountains Valley, Pretoria, the oldest nature reserve in Africa, is proclaimed by President Paul Kruger.

1893  Thomas A Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio, the Black Maria in West Orange, New Jersey.

1884  The first volume (A to Ant) of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.

1835  Slavery is abolished in Mauritius.

1793  French Revolutionary Wars: France declares war on the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

1662  The Chinese general Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege.

1411  The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn, Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights (Prussia).

 

 

FEBRUARY 2

2012  The ferry MV Rabaul Queen sinks off the coast of Papua New Guinea near the Finschhafen District, with an estimated 300 people missing.

2007  The worst flooding in Indonesia in 300 years begins.

2000  First digital cinema projection in Europe (Paris) realized by Philippe Binant with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments.

1990  Apartheid: F W de Klerk announces the unbanning of the African National Congress and promises to release Nelson Mandela.

1989  Soviet war in Afghanistan: The last Soviet armored column leaves Kabul.

Afghan War (1978-1992):

Relations between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union Relations:

Foreign Relations of Afghanistan:

Afghanistan:

Afghanistan and the United Nations:

History of Afghanistan:

Economy of Afghanistan:

1987  After the 1986 People Power Revolution, the Philippines enacts a new constitution.

Constitution of the Philippines of 1987:

1982  1982 Hama massacre: the government of Syria attacks the town of Hama.

1980  Reports surface that the FBI is targeting allegedly corrupt Congressmen in the Abscam operation.

1972  The British embassy in Dublin is destroyed in protest at Bloody Sunday.

1971  The international Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands is signed in Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran.

1971  Idi Amin replaces President Milton Obote as leader of Uganda.

Uganda:

History of Uganda:

Foreign Relations of Uganda:

Economy of Uganda:

1966  Pakistan suggests a six-point agenda with Kashmir after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

1962  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1959  Dyatlov Pass incident

1957  Iskander Mirza of Pakistan lays the foundation-stone of the Guddu Barrage.

1957  Suez Crisis and Pertinent Events: UN General Assembly adopts a resolution 1124 (XI), calling for Israeli troops to leave Egypt.

UNGA Resolution 1124 (XI) of February 2, 1957:

Operation Kadesh (1956): Israel’s Occupation of the Gaza Strip and Sinai:

1957 in Israel and the Sinai Peninsula:

Suez Crisis (1956-1957):

1951  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1943  World War II: The Battle of Stalingrad comes to conclusion as Soviet troops accept the surrender of 91,000 remnants of the Axis forces.

1942  Osvald Group is responsible for the first, active event of Resistance [against the German occupation of Norway] when Østbanehallen (at present-day Oslo Central Station) was blown up to protest the inauguration of Vidkun Quisling.

1935  Leonarde Keeler tests the first polygraph machine.

1934  The Export-Import Bank of the United States is incorporated.

1925  Serum run to Nome: Dog sleds reach Nome, Alaska with diphtheria serum, inspiring the Iditarod race.

1922  Ulysses by James Joyce is published.

1920  France occupies Memel.

1920  The Tartu Peace Treaty is signed between Estonia and Russia.

Tartu Peace Treaty:

1914  Charlie Chaplin‘s first film appearance, Making a Living premieres.

1913  Grand Central Terminal is opened in New York City.

1901  Funeral of Queen Victoria.

1899  The Australian Premiers’ Conference held in Melbourne decides to locate Australia’s capital city, Canberra, between Sydney and Melbourne.

1887  In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania the first Groundhog Day is observed.

1848  California Gold Rush: The first ship with Chinese immigrants arrives in San Francisco.

1848  Mexican–American War: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.

1709  Alexander Selkirk is rescued after being shipwrecked on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe.

1653  New Amsterdam (later renamed The City of New York) is incorporated.

1542  Portuguese forces under Cristóvão da Gama capture a Muslim-occupied hill fort in northern Ethiopia in the Battle of Baçente.

1536  Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina.

1461  Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Mortimer’s Cross is fought in Herefordshire, England.

1207  Terra Mariana, comprising present-day Estonia and Latvia, is established.

 

 

FEBRUARY 3

2014  Two people are shot and killed and 29 students are taken hostage at a high school in Moscow, Russia.

2013  Turkey’s Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan responds to air strikes on Syria, saying Israel’s government is waging ‘state terrorism’.

Turkey-Israel Relations:

2007  A Baghdad market bombing kills at least 135 people and injures a further 339.

1998  Cavalese cable car disaster: a United States military pilot causes the death of 20 people when his low-flying plane cuts the cable of a cable-car near Trento, Italy.

1995  Astronaut Eileen Collins becomes the first woman to pilot the Space Shuttle as mission STS-63 gets underway from Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

1989  A military coup overthrows Alfredo Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay since 1954.

1989  After a stroke two weeks previously, South African President P. W. Botha resigns as leader of the National Party, but stays on as president for six more months.

1984  Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B is launched using Space Shuttle Challenger.

1984  John Buster and the research team at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center announce history’s first embryo transfer, from one woman to another resulting in a live birth.

1972  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1972  The first day of the seven-day 1972 Iran blizzard, which would kill at least 4,000 people, making it the deadliest snowstorm in history.

1969  In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is appointed Palestine Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress.

1966  The unmanned Soviet Luna 9 spacecraft makes the first controlled rocket-assisted landing on the Moon.

1961  The United States Air Forces begins Operation Looking Glass, and over the next 30 years, a “Doomsday Plane” is always in the air, with the capability of taking direct control of the United States’ bombers and missiles in the event of the destruction of the SAC‘s command post.

1960  British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan speaks of “a wind of change“, an increasing national consciousness blowing through colonial Africa, signaling that his Government is likely to support decolonisation.

1958  Founding of the Benelux Economic Union, creating a testing ground for a later European Economic Community.

1957  Senegalese political party Democratic Rally merges into the Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS).

1945  World War II: The United States and the Philippine Commonwealth begin a month-long battle to retake Manila from Japan.

1945  World War II: As part of Operation Thunderclap, 1,000 B-17s of the Eighth Air Force bomb Berlin, a raid which kills between 2,500 to 3,000 and dehouses another 120,000.

1944  World War II: During the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, US Army and Marine forces seize Kwajalein Atoll from the defending Japanese garrison.

1943  The SS Dorchester is sunk by a German U-boat. Only 230 of 902 men aboard survive. The Chapel of the Four Chaplains, dedicated by President Harry Truman, is one of many memorials established to commemorate the Four Chaplains story.

1933  Adolf Hitler announces that the expansion of Lebensraum into Eastern Europe, and its ruthless Germanisation, are the ultimate geopolitical objectives of Third Reich foreign policy.

Adolf Hitler:

Lebensraum:

Third Reich:

Foreign Policy of the Third Reich:

1930  Communist Party of Vietnam is founded at a “Unification Conference” held in Kowloon, British Hong Kong.

1918  The Twin Peaks Tunnel in San Francisco, California begins service as the longest streetcar tunnel in the world at 11,920 feet (3,633 meters) long.

1917  World War I: The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany a day after the latter announced a new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.

1897  The Greco-Turkish War breaks out.

1852  Justo José de Urquiza defeats Juan Manuel de Rosas at the Battle of Caseros.

1830  The London Protocol of 1830 establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the Ottoman Empire as the final result of the Greek War of Independence.

 

 

FEBRUARY 4

2014  Google and Microsoft report that the National Security Agency ordered them to provide information on 10,000 accounts over a six-month period in 2012 and 2013, and Yahoo reported they complied with government request for information on more than 40,000 accounts.

Personal Data and the NSA:

2004  Facebook, a mainstream online social networking site, is founded by Mark Zuckerberg.

2003  The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is officially renamed Serbia and Montenegro and adopts a new constitution.

2003  The Bengali Hindus declare the independence of the Republic of Bangabhumi from Bangladesh.

1999  Unarmed West African immigrant Amadou Diallo is shot dead by four plainclothes New York City police officers on an unrelated stake-out, inflaming race relations in the city.

1998  An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter Scale in northeast Afghanistan kills more than 5,000.

1997  After at first contesting the results, Serbian President Slobodan Milošević recognizes opposition victories in the November 1996 elections.

1992  A coup d’état is led by Hugo Chávez against Venezuelan President Carlos Andrés Pérez.

1980  Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini names Abolhassan Banisadr as president of Iran.

1976  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1976  In Guatemala and Honduras an earthquake kills more than 22,000.

1975  Haicheng earthquake (magnitude 7.3 on the Richter scale) occurs in Haicheng, Liaoning, China.

1974  M62 coach bombing: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) explodes a bomb on a bus carrying off-duty British Armed Forces personnel in Yorkshire, England. Nine soldiers and three civilians are killed.

Irish Republican Army (IRA):

History of the IRA:

Sinn Féin:

History of Sinn Féin:

Sinn Féin, IRA and the Catholic Church:

1974  The Symbionese Liberation Army kidnaps Patty Hearst in Berkeley, California.

1970  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

For some more pertinent information, see “1976 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site”, mentioned above.

1969  Yasser Arafat takes over as chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization.

1967  Lunar Orbiter program: Lunar Orbiter 3 lifts off from Cape Canaveral’s Launch Complex 13 on its mission to identify possible landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo spacecraft.

1965  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

For some more pertinent information, see “1976 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site”, mentioned above.

1961  Angolan War of Independence begins.

Independence of Angola:

Angola:

Foreign Relations of Angola:

Angola and the United Nations:

History of Angola:

Economy of Angola:

1948  Ceylon (later renamed Sri Lanka) becomes independent within the British Commonwealth.

1945  World War II: The British Indian Army and Imperial Japanese Army begin a series of battles known as the Battle of Pokoku and Irrawaddy River operations.

1945  World War II: The Yalta Conference between the “Big Three” (Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin) opens at the Livadia Palace in the Crimea.

1945  World War II: Santo Tomas Internment Camp is liberated from Japanese authority.

1941  The United Service Organization (USO) is created to entertain American troops.

1936  Radium becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically.

1932  Second Sino-Japanese War: Harbin, Manchuria, falls to Japan.

1899  The Philippine–American War begins with the Battle of Manila.

1859  The Codex Sinaiticus is discovered in Egypt.

1846  The first Mormon pioneers make their exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, westward towards Salt Lake Valley.

1820  The Chilean Navy under the command of Lord Cochrane completes the 2-day long Capture of Valdivia with just 300 men and 2 ships.

1810  The Royal Navy seizes Guadeloupe.

1797  The Riobamba earthquake strikes Ecuador, causing up to 40,000 casualties.

1794  The French legislature abolishes slavery throughout all territories of the French First Republic. It will be reestablished in the French West Indies in 1802.

1789  George Washington is unanimously elected as the first President of the United States by the U.S. Electoral College.

1758  Macapá, Brazil is founded.

 

 

FEBRUARY 5

2014  Benigno Aquino III, President of the Philippines, considers the territorial claims China has made in the South China Sea comparable to the Nazi Germany invasion of Czechoslovakia

Benigno Aquino III:

Conflict between the Philippines and China over the South China Sea:

Permanent Court of Arbitration on the Philippines-China Conflict over the South China Sea:

2010  Danish special forces storm a ship captured by Somali pirates, freeing 25 crewmembers on board

2004  Rebels from the Revolutionary Artibonite Resistance Front capture the city of Gonaïves, starting the 2004 Haiti rebellion.

2000  Russian forces massacre at least 60 civilians in the Novye Aldi suburb of Grozny, Chechnya.

Second Chechen War and the Massacre in Novye Aldi of Grozny:

1997  The so-called Big Three banks in Switzerland announce the creation of a $71 million fund to aid Holocaust survivors and their families.

Holocaust Fund of Three Swiss Banks:

1994  Markale massacres (of the first massacre), more than 60 people are killed and some 200 wounded as a mortar shell explodes in a downtown marketplace in Sarajevo.

Markale Marketplace Massacre (of February 5, 1994):

1988  Manuel Noriega is indicted on drug smuggling and money laundering charges.

Noriega Indicted:

1985  Ugo Vetere, then the mayor of Rome, and Chedli Klibi, then the mayor of Carthage meet in Tunis to sign a treaty of friendship officially ending the Third Punic War which lasted 2,131 years.

End of the Third Punic War:

1975  Riots break in Lima, Peru after the police forces go on strike the day before. The uprising (locally known as the Limazo) is bloodily suppressed by the military dictatorship.

1971  Astronauts land on the moon in the Apollo 14 mission.

1970  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1963  The European Court of Justice‘s ruling in Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen establishes the principle of direct effect, one of the most important, if not the most important, decisions in the development of European Union law.

Principle of Direct Effect:

European Court of Justice or ECJ (officially “Court of Justice”):

1962  French President Charles de Gaulle calls for Algeria to be granted independence.

Independence of Algeria:

Charles de Gaulle:

Charles de Gaulle’s Policies on Algeria:

History of Algeria:

Algeria:

Foreign Relations of Algeria:

Algeria and the United Nations:

Economy of Algeria:

1958  A hydrogen bomb known as the Tybee Bomb is lost by the US Air Force off the coast of Savannah, Georgia, never to be recovered.

1958  Gamal Abdel Nasser is nominated to be the first president of the United Arab Republic.

1946  The Chondoist Chongu Party is founded in North Korea.

1945  World War II: General Douglas MacArthur returns to Manila.

Douglas MacArthur:

Battle for Manila – February-March 1945:

1941  World War II: Allied forces begin the Battle of Keren to capture Keren, Eritrea.

Battle of Keren:

1939  Generalísimo Francisco Franco becomes the 68th “Caudillo de España“, or Leader of Spain.

1937  United States President Franklin D Roosevelt proposes a plan to enlarge the Supreme Court of the United States.

1924  The Royal Greenwich Observatory begins broadcasting the hourly time signals known as the Greenwich Time Signal or the “BBC pips”.

Royal Greenwich Observatory:

1919  Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, and D. W. Griffith launch United Artists.

1918  SS Tuscania is torpedoed off the coast of Ireland; it is the first ship carrying American troops to Europe to be torpedoed and sunk.

1918  Stephen W. Thompson shoots down a German airplane. It is the first aerial victory by the US military.

1917  The Congress of the United States passes the Immigration Act of 1917 over President Woodrow Wilson‘s veto. Also known as the Asiatic Barred Zone Act, it forbade immigration from nearly all of south and southeast Asia.

1917  The current constitution of Mexico is adopted, establishing a federal republic with powers separated into independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Constitution of Mexico of 1917:

1913  Greek military aviators, Michael Moutoussis and Aristeidis Moraitinis perform the first naval air mission in history, with a Farman MF.7 hydroplane.

1909  Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland announces the creation of Bakelite, the world’s first synthetic plastic.

1905  In Mexico, the General Hospital of Mexico is inaugurated, started with 4 basic specialities.

1885  King Leopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo as a personal possession.

Belgian Congo:

History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:

Democratic Republic of the Congo:

Foreign Relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:

Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:

1869  The largest alluvial gold nugget in history, called the “Welcome Stranger“, is found in Moliagul, Victoria, Australia.

1859  Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza as the United Principalities, an autonomous region within the Ottoman Empire, which ushered the birth of the modern Romanian state.

1852  The New Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia, one of the largest and oldest museums in the world, opens to the public.

1849  University of Wisconsin–Madison‘s first class meets at Madison Female Academy.

1818  Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte ascends to the thrones of Sweden and Norway.

1810  Peninsular War: Siege of Cádiz begins.

Peninsula War:

Siege of Cádiz:

1782  Spanish defeat British forces and capture Minorca.

1597  A group of early Japanese Christians are killed by the new government of Japan for being seen as a threat to Japanese society.

 

 

FEBRUARY 6

2015  Scientists report that climate change may be influenced by the carbon dioxide released by undersea volcanoes, which have been assumed until now to have a negligible effect; further studies are needed to assess the degree of impact.

Climate Change:

Global Warming and Climate Change:

Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change:

2000  Second Chechen War: Russia captures Grozny, Chechnya, forcing the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria government into exile.

Chechen Wars:

Second Chechen War:

First Chechen War:

Russia, Chechnya and Terrorism:

Civilians under International Humanitarian Law:

1998  Washington National Airport is renamed Ronald Reagan National Airport.

1996  Birgenair Flight 301 crashed off the coast of the Dominican Republic, and all 189 people inside the airplane are killed. This is the worst accident/incident involving a Boeing 757.

1989  The Round Table Talks start in Poland, thus marking the beginning of overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe.

1988  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1988  Michael Jordan makes his signature slam dunk from the free throw line inspiring Air Jordan and the Jumpman logo.

1987  Justice Mary Gaudron is appointed to the High Court of Australia, the first woman to be appointed.

1981  The National Resistance Army of Uganda launches an attack on a Ugandan Army installation in the central Mubende District to begin the Ugandan Bush War.

Uganda Bush War:

National Resistance Movement:

History of Uganda:

Uganda:

Foreign Relations of Uganda:

Uganda and the United Nations:

Economy of Uganda:

1976  In testimony before a United States Senate subcommittee, Lockheed Corporation president Carl Kotchian admits that the company had paid out approximately $3 million in bribes to the office of Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka.

1975  A crucial by-election is held in Kankesanthurai, Sri Lanka.

Kankesanthurai Election in Sri Lanka:

1975  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1959  At Cape Canaveral, Florida, the first successful test firing of a Titan intercontinental ballistic missile is accomplished.

1959  Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments files the first patent for an integrated circuit.

1952  Elizabeth II becomes queen regnant of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms upon the death of her father, George VI. At the exact moment of succession, she was in a tree house at the Treetops Hotel in Kenya.

1951  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site Argonne Atomic Lab (Ill), to demonstrate lax in security.

For some more information on the nuclear test at Nevada Test Site, see “1975 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site”, mentioned above.

1951  The Canadian Army enters combat in the Korean War.

Canadian Army in the Korean War:

Korean War Timelines:

Documents on the Korean War:

1934  Far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon in an attempted coup against the French Third Republic, creating a political crisis in France.

1922  The Washington Naval Treaty is signed in Washington, DC, limiting the naval armaments of United States, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy.

Washington Naval Treaty of 1922:

Washington Naval Conference of 1921-1922:

1918  British women over the age of 30 get the right to vote.

Women’s Suffrage in the UK:

Women’s Suffrage and Its History:

Women’s Rights in General:

1914  The Bondetåget, a peasant uprising in support of the monarchy, takes place in Sweden

1900  The Permanent Court of Arbitration, an international arbitration court at The Hague, is created when the Senate of the Netherlands ratifies an 1899 peace conference decree.

Permanent Court of Arbitration:

1899  Spanish–American War: The Treaty of Paris, a peace treaty between the United States and Spain, is ratified by the United States Senate.

1862  American Civil War: Forces under the command of Ulysses S. Grant and Andrew H. Foote give the Union its first victory of the war, capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee in the Battle of Fort Henry.

1840  Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, establishing New Zealand as a British colony.

1833  Otto becomes the first modern King of Greece.

1820  The first 86 African American immigrants sponsored by the American Colonization Society depart New York to start a settlement in present-day Liberia.

1819  Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles founds Singapore.

1806  Battle of San Domingo: British naval victory against the French in the Caribbean.

1778  American Revolutionary War: In Paris the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France signaling official recognition of the new republic.

 

 

FEBRUARY 7

2014  Over 350 people were injured in the anti-government unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

2012  President Mohamed Nasheed of the Republic of Maldives resigns, after 23 days of anti-governmental protests calling for the release of Chief Judge unlawfully arrested by the military.

1999  Crown Prince Abdullah becomes the King of Jordan on the death of his father, King Hussein.

1997  NeXT merges with Apple Computer, starting the path to Mac OS X.

1995  Ramzi Yousef, the mastermind of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, is arrested in Islamabad, Pakistan.

1992  The Maastricht Treaty is signed, leading to the creation of the European Union.

Maastricht Treaty:

History of the European Union:

1991  Haiti‘s first democratically-elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, is sworn in.

1990  Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party agrees to give up its monopoly on power.

1986  Twenty-eight years of one-family rule end in Haiti, when President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees the Caribbean nation.

1984  Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B Mission – Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU).

1979  Pluto moves inside Neptune‘s orbit for the first time since either was discovered.

1974  Grenada gains independence from the United Kingdom.

History of Grenada:

1962  The United States bans all Cuban imports and exports.

1951  Korean War: 705 suspected communist sympathizers are butchered by South Korean forces.

Korean War Timelines:

1944  World War II: In Anzio, Italy, German forces launch a counteroffensive during the Allied Operation Shingle.

1943  World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy forces complete the evacuation of Imperial Japanese Army troops from Guadalcanal during Operation Ke, ending Japanese attempts to retake the island from Allied forces in the Guadalcanal Campaign.

1940  The second full-length animated Walt Disney film, Pinocchio, premieres.

1935  The classic board game Monopoly is invented.

1907  The Mud March is the first large procession organized by the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS).

1900  Second Boer War: British troops fail in their third attempt to lift the Siege of Ladysmith.

Second Boer War:

Siege of Ladysmith:

1898  Dreyfus affair: Émile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J’accuse.

1897  Greco-Turkish War: The first full-scale battle takes place when the Greek expeditionary force in Crete defeats a 4,000-strong Ottoman force at Livadeia.

Greco-Turkish War of 1897:

Greco-Turkish War:

1863  HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189.

1856  The colonial Tasmanian Parliament passes the second piece of legislation (the Electoral Act of 1856) anywhere in the world providing for elections by way of a secret ballot.

1842  Battle of Debre Tabor: Ras Ali Alula, Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia defeats warlord Wube Haile Maryam of Semien.

1819  Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles leaves Singapore after just taking it over, leaving it in the hands of William Farquhar.

1813  Action of 7 February 1813: stalemate two evenly matched frigates from the French Navy and the British Royal Navy, Aréthuse and HMS Amelia.

1807  Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Eylau – Napoleon‘s French Empire begins fighting against Russian and Prussian forces of the Fourth Coalition at Eylau, Poland.

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Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program/project officer, legal protection/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.  His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.  His interest and/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental/ecological issues, science and technology, visual/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, he is currently compiling This Week in History on TMS.

(Sources and references: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/february_1   to_february_7; http://www.historyorb.com/events/february/1   to february/7; http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/february_7.html   to February_7.html; and other pertinent web sites and/or documents, mentioned above.)

  1. The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.
  2. One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about “peace”, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external/outer peace and internal/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address “peace” through peace journalism.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 1 Feb 2016.

Anticopyright: Editorials and articles originated on TMS may be freely reprinted, disseminated, translated and used as background material, provided an acknowledgement and link to the source, TMS: This Week in History, is included. Thank you.

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