This Week in History

HISTORY, 30 May 2016

Satoshi Ashikaga - TRANSCEND Media Service

TWH logo history

May 30–Jun 5

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:

“Forgiveness is not always easy.  At times, it feels more painful than the wound we suffered, to forgive the one that inflicted it.  And yet, there is no peace without forgiveness.” – Marianne Williamson

 

MAY 30

2013  Nigeria passes a law banning same-sex marriage.

Nigeria and the Prohibition of the Same Sex Marriage:

Case Study (1): Slovenia Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage in March 2015:

Case Study (2): Sweden and the Same-Sex Marriage:

LGBT Rights in General:

Nigeria:

History of Nigeria:

Foreign Relations of Nigeria:

Nigeria and the United Nations:

Economy of Nigeria:

2012  Former Liberian president, Charles Taylor, is sentenced to 50 years in prison for his role in atrocities committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War.

Charles Taylor:

Liberia:

Sierra Leone Civil War:

Sierra Leone:

History of Sierra Leone:

Economy of Sierra Leone:

2003  Depayin massacre: at least 70 people associated with the National League for Democracy are killed by government-sponsored mob in Burma. Aung San Suu Kyi fled the scene, but is arrested soon afterwards.

Depayin Massacre:

1998  Nuclear Testing: Pakistan conducts an underground test in the Kharan Desert. It is reported to be a plutonium device with yield of 20kt.

Nuclear Weapons Testing of Pakistan:

1989  Tiananmen Square protests of 1989: the 33-foot high “Goddess of Democracy” statue is unveiled in Tiananmen Square by student demonstrators.

  • For the Tiananmen Square Massacre, see JUNE 4, 1989.

Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989:

1972  In Tel Aviv, Israel, members of the Japanese Red Army carry out the Lod Airport massacre, killing 24 people and injuring 78 others.

Lod Airport Massacre of 1972:

1972  The Angry Brigade goes on trial over a series of 25 bombings throughout the United Kingdom.

1968  Charles de Gaulle reappears publicly after his flight to Baden-Baden, Germany, and dissolves the French National Assembly by a radio appeal. Immediately after, less than one million of his supporters march on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. This is the turning point of May 1968 events in France.

May 1968 Events in France:

Charles de Gaulle:

1967  The Nigerian Eastern Region declares independence as the Republic of Biafra, sparking a civil war.

Biafra:

Nigerian Civil War:

History of Nigeria:

Nigeria:

Foreign Relations of Nigeria:

Nigeria and the United Nations:

Economy of Nigeria:

1966  The former Congolese Prime Minister, Évariste Kimba, and several other politicians are publicly executed in Kinshasa on the orders of President Joseph Mobutu.

1963  A protest against pro-Catholic discrimination during the Buddhist crisis is held outside South Vietnam‘s National Assembly, the first open demonstration during the eight-year rule of Ngo Dinh Diem.

1958  Memorial Day: the remains of two unidentified American servicemen, killed in action during World War II and the Korean War respectively, are buried at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery.

Korean War:

Korean War Timelines:

1958  US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enewetak.

Enwetak Nuclear Test Site:

Atmospheric/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:

Nuclear Tests by the United States:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1956  US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enewetak.

1942  World War II: 1000 British bombers launch a 90-minute attack on Cologne, Germany.

1941  World War II: Manolis Glezos and Apostolos Santas climb the Athenian Acropolis and tear down the Nazi swastika.

1917  Alexander I becomes king of Greece.

Alexander I:

Modern History of Greece:

1913  First Balkan War: the Treaty of London (1913), is signed ending the war. Albania becomes an independent nation.

Treaty of London (1913):

First Balkan War:

Balkan Wars:

1876  Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz is deposed and succeeded by his nephew Murad V.


MAY 31

2011  After scientists reviewed studies on cell phone safety, the World Health Organization classifies cell phone radiation as a carcinogenic hazard, possibly carcinogenic to humans.

Issues on Cell Phone Radiation:

2010  In international waters, armed Shayetet 13 commandos, intending to force the flotilla to anchor at the Ashdod port, boarded ships trying to break the ongoing blockade of the Gaza Strip, resulting in nine civilian deaths.

2005  Vanity Fair reveals that Mark Felt was Deep Throat.

Deep Throat (Watergate):

Watergate Scandal:

Watergate Tapes:

1991  Bicesse Accords in Angola lay out a transition to multi-party democracy under the supervision of the United Nations‘ UNAVEM II mission.

Bicesse Accords:

Angola and the United Nations:

Angola:

Foreign Relations of Angola:

History of Angola:

1989  A group of six members of the guerrilla group Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) of Peru, shoot dead eight transsexuals, in the city of Tarapoto.

1984  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1981  The burning of Jaffna library in Sri Lanka. It is one of the violent examples of ethnic biblioclasm of the twentieth century.4

Burning of the Jaffna Library:

1977  The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System completed.

Trans-Atlantic Pipeline System:

1974  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

Nuclear Tests of the Soviet Union:

1973  The United States Senate votes to cut off funding for the bombing of Khmer Rouge targets within Cambodia, hastening the end of the Cambodian Civil War.

Cambodian Civil War:

Khmer Rouge:

Cambodia:

History of Cambodia:

Foreign Relations of Cambodia:

Economy of Cambodia:

1970  The Ancash earthquake causes a landslide that buries the town of Yungay, Peru; more than 47,000 people are killed.

Ancash Earthquake of 1970:

1962  Adolf Eichmann is hanged in Israel.

Adolf Eichmann:

Trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem:

1962  The West Indies Federation dissolves.

1961  In Moscow City Court, the Rokotov–Faibishenko show trial begins, despite the Khrushchev Thaw to reverse Stalinist elements in Soviet society.

1961  The Union of South Africa becomes the Republic of South Africa.

Republic of South Africa:

1958  US performs nuclear test at Bikini Island (atmospheric tests).

Operation Hardtack I:

Nuclear Tests at Bikini Atoll:

Atmospheric/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:

Atmospheric Nuclear Tests of the United States and Radioactive Fallout:

Nuclear Tests by the United States:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1942  World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy midget submarines begin a series of attacks on Sydney, Australia.

1941  Anglo-Iraqi War: The United Kingdom completes the re-occupation of Iraq and returns ‘Abd al-Ilah to power as regent for Faisal II.

Anglo-Iraq War of 1941:

1941  A Luftwaffe air raid on Dublin, Ireland, claims 38 lives.

1935  An earthquake of 7.7 Mw destroys Quetta in modern-day Pakistan killing 40,000.

1935 Quetta Earthquake:

1924  The Soviet Union signs an agreement with the Beijing government, referring to Outer Mongolia as an “integral part of the Republic of China“, whose “sovereignty” therein the Soviet Union promises to respect.

1921  Tulsa race riot: civil unrest in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The official death toll is 39, but recent investigations suggest the actual toll may be much higher.

1916  World War I: Battle of Jutland – The British Grand Fleet under the command of John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe and David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty engage the Imperial German Navy under the command of Reinhard Scheer and Franz von Hipper in the largest naval battle of the war, which proves indecisive.

1911  The President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz flees the country during the Mexican Revolution.

History of Mexico:

1910  The creation of the Union of South Africa.

Union of South Africa:

History of South Africa:

1909  The National Negro Committee, forerunner to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, convenes for the first time.

1902  Second Boer War: The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the war and ensures British control of South Africa.

Treaty of Vereeniging:

Second Boer War:

1884  The arrival at Plymouth of Tāwhiao, King of Maoris, to claim the protection of Queen Victoria

1866  In the Fenian Invasion of Canada, John O’Neill leads 850 Fenian raiders across the Niagara River at Buffalo, New York/Fort Erie, Ontario, as part of an effort to free Ireland from the United Kingdom. Canadian militia and British regulars repulse the invaders in over the next three days, at a cost of 9 dead and 38 wounded to the Fenian‘s 19 dead and about 17 wounded.


JUNE 01

2014  Benjamin Netanyahu, Israel’s Prime Minister, advises other nations to be cautious in recognizing the new Palestinian government, formed by agreement between Islamist rival groups Fatah and Hamas; Hamas plans to maintain its anti-Zionist stance.

Fatah and Hamas Relations:

Zionism:

Anti-Zionism:

Fatah:

Hamas and Israel:

State of Palestine and its International Recognition:

2011  The US announces it will boycott an anti-racism conference at the United Nations due to concerns over anti-Semetism.

US Boycott of the UN Anti-Racism Conference of 2011:

2001  Dolphinarium massacre: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 at a disco in Tel Aviv.

2001  Nepalese royal massacre: Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal shoots and kills several members of his family including his father and mother, King Birendra of Nepal and Queen Aiswarya.

Nepalese Royal Massacre:

1990  George H W Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production.

International Ban of Chemical Weapons and the Chemical Weapons Convention:

1980  Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting.

CNN:

1979  The first black-led government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 90 years takes power.

1978  The first international applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty are filed.

1963  Kenya gains internal self-rule (Madaraka Day).

History of Kenya:

Kenya:

Foreign Relations of Kenya:

Economy of Kenya:

1958  Charles de Gaulle comes out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months.

Charles de Gaulle:

Charles de Gaulle’s Policies on Algeria:

1946  Ion Antonescu, “Conducator” (leader) of Romania during World War II, is executed.

1941  The Farhud, a pogrom of Iraqi Jews, takes place in Baghdad.

Farhud:

1941  World War II: the Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany.

1929  The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires.

1921  Tulsa Race Riot: civil unrest in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

1918  World War I, Western Front: Battle for Belleau Wood – Allied Forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord engage Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince.

1916  Louis Brandeis becomes the first Jew appointed to the United States Supreme Court.

1913  The Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War.

Second Balkan War:

First Balkan War:

Balkan Wars (Overviews):

Greek State:

Modern History of Greece:

1879  Napoleon Eugene, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War.

1868  The Treaty of Bosque Redondo is signed, allowing the Navajos to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico.

1831  James Clark Ross discovers the Magnetic North Pole.

1815  Napoleon promulgates a revised Constitution after it passes a plebiscite.

1812  War of 1812: The U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.

1794  The battle of the Glorious First of June is fought, the first naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars.

 

 

JUNE 02

2012  The former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak is sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in the killing of demonstrators during the 2011 Egyptian revolution.

Hosni Mubarak:

2011 Egyptian Revolution:

Arab Spring:

Arab Spring and the CIA:

Arab Spring and Al-Qaeda:

Arab Spring and Israel:

1999  The Bhutan Broadcasting Service brings television transmissions to the Kingdom for the first time.

1967  Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran turn into riots, during which Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer. His death results in the founding of the terrorist group Movement 2 June.

1955  The USSR and Yugoslavia sign the Belgrade declaration and thus normalize relations between both countries, discontinued since 1948.

1946  Birth of the Italian Republic: In a referendum, Italians vote to turn Italy from a monarchy into a Republic. After the referendum, King Umberto II of Italy is exiled.

History of Italian Republic:

1941  World War II: German paratoopers murder Greek civilians in the village of Kondomari.

Massacre of Konodmari:

1924  The US President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States.

1910  Charles Rolls, a co-founder of Rolls-Royce Limited, becomes the first man to make a non-stop double crossing of the English Channel by plane

1909  Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.

1896  Guglielmo Marconi applies for a patent for his newest invention, the radio.

1876  Hristo Botev, a national revolutionary of Bulgaria, is killed in Stara Planina

1866  Fenian raids: the Fenians are victorious over Canadian forces in both the Battle of Ridgeway and the Battle of Fort Erie.

1848  The Slavic congress in Prague begins.

1805  Napoleonic Wars: A Franco–Spanish fleet recaptures Diamond Rock, an uninhabited island at the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, from the British.

1793  French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror.

1774  Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.

 

 

JUNE 03

2013  The trial of United States Army private Chelsea Manning for leaking classified material to WikiLeaks begins in Fort Meade, Maryland.

2006  The union of Serbia and Montenegro comes to an end with Montenegro‘s formal declaration of independence.

1992  Aboriginal Land Rights are granted in Australia in Mabo v Queensland (No 2), a case brought by Eddie Mabo.

1989  The government of China sends troops to force protesters out of Tiananmen Square after seven weeks of occupation.

Tiananmen Square, Beijing:

Tiananmen Square Massacre of 1989:

1987  The Vanuatu Labour Party is founded.

1984  Operation Blue Star, a military offensive, is launched by the Indian government at Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine for the Sikhs, in Amritsar. The operation continues until June 6, with casualties, most of them civilians, in excess of 5,000.

1983  Director John Badham’s frightening motion picture “War Games,” starring actor Matthew Broderick, premiered at U.S. theaters.

1982  The Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, is shot on a London street. He survives but is permanently paralyzed.

1979  A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 3,000,000 barrels (480,000 m3) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the second-worst accidental oil spill ever recorded.

1963  The Buddhist crisis: Soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam attack protesting Buddhists in Huế, South Vietnam, with liquid chemicals from tear-gas grenades, causing 67 people to be hospitalised for blistering of the skin and respiratory ailments.

1959  Singapore was declared a self-governing state even though it was still a part of the British Empire.

History of Singapore:

Singapore:

Singaporean Self-Rule:

1950  The first successful ascent of an Eight-thousander; the summit of Annapurna is reached by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal.

1943  In Los Angeles, California, white U.S. Navy sailors and Marines clash with Latino youths in the Zoot Suit Riots.

1942 World War II: Japan begins the Aleutian Islands Campaign by bombing Unalaska Island.

1941  World War II: The Wehrmacht razes the Greek village of Kandanos to the ground, killing 180 of its inhabitants.

Massacre of Kondomari:

1940  Franz Rademacher proposes plans to make Madagascar the “Jewish homeland”, an idea that had first been considered by 19th century journalist Theodor Herzl.

1940  World War II: The Battle of Dunkirk ends with a German victory and with Allied forces in full retreat.

1940  World War II: The Luftwaffe bombs Paris.

1916  The National Defense Act is signed into law, increasing the size of the United States National Guard by 450,000 men.

1889  The first long-distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.

1885  In the last military engagement fought on Canadian soil, the Cree leader, Big Bear, escapes the North-West Mounted Police.

1839  In Humen, China, Lin Tse-hsü destroys 1.2 million kg of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a casus belli to open hostilities, resulting in the First Opium War.

 

 

JUNE 04

Today is the INTERNATIONAL DAY OF INNOCENT CHILDREN VICTIMS OF AGGRESSION:

2012  US drone attack kills 15 [or 16] militants in Pakistan, including high ranking al-Qaeda official, Abu Yahya al-Libi.

For drones, including those for military use, in general, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

Drone Attacks:

Various Problems on the Military Drone:

Other Related Issues of the Military Drones:

Abū Yahyā al-Lībī:

Al-Qaeda:

2001  Gyanendra, the last King of Nepal, ascends to the throne after the massacre in the Royal Palace.

From the Abolishment of Monarchy to the Democratization of Nepal:

Democracy Movement of Nepal in 2006:

Political Turmoil in Nepal in 2005:

History of Nepal:

Nepal:

Foreign Relations of Nepal:

Nepal-Britain Relations:

Economy of Nepal:

1998  Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.

1989  Solidarity‘s victory in the first (somewhat) free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of peaceful anti-communist revolutions in Eastern Europe, leads to the creation of the so-called Contract Sejm and begins the Autumn of Nations.

History of Solidarity Trade Union of Poland:

Martial Law and Solidarity on December 13, 1981:

History of Poland:

Poland:

Foreign Relations of Poland:

Economy of Poland:

1989  The Tiananmen Square protests are violently ended in Beijing by the People’s Liberation Army, with at least 241 dead.

Tiananmen Square, Beijing:

Tiananmen Square Massacre of 1989:

1989  Ali Khamenei is elected as the new Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran by the Assembly of Experts after the death and funeral of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

1986  Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel.

1979  Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana after a military coup in which General Fred Akuffo is overthrown.

Ghana:

Foreign Relations of Ghana:

History of Ghana:

Economy of Ghana:

1970  Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom.

Tonga:

History of Tonga:

Economy of Tonga:

1961  In the Vienna summit, the Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev sparks the Berlin Crisis by threatening to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany and ending American, British and French access to East Berlin.

1944  World War II: Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.

1944  World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German submarine U-505 – the first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.

1943  A military coup in Argentina ousts Ramón Castillo.

1942  World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. The Japanese Admiral Chuichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese navy.

1941  Croatia orders all Jews to wear a star with the letter Z.

Independent State of Croatia (a.k.a. NDH), a Nazi Subject State, during World War II:

NDH and the Jasenovac Concentration Camp:

Vatican and the Ustashe:

Bleiburg Massacre of Croats by the Allied Power (British) in May 1945 Just After WWII in Europe:

1941  Nazis forbid Jews access to beaches & swimming pools.

Discrimination against the Jewish People and the Holocaust:

1940  World War II: The Dunkirk evacuation ends – British forces complete evacuation of 338,000 troops from Dunkirk in France. To rally the morale of the country, Winston Churchill delivers his famous “We shall fight on the beaches” speech.

1939  Holocaust: The MS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, in the United States, after already being turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, more than 200 of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.

1932  Marmaduke Grove and other Chilean military officers lead a coup d’etat establishing the short-lived Socialist Republic of Chile.

1928  The President of the Republic of China, Zhang Zuolin, is assassinated by Japanese agents.

1920  Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris.

1919  Women’s rights: The U.S. Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.

Women’s Suffrage in the United States:

History of Women’s Suffrage (Movement) in the United States:

The Nineteenth Amendment and Women’s Suffrage:

League of Women Voters:

Women’s Suffrage and Its History:

Women’s Rights in General:

1916  World War I: Russia opens the Brusilov Offensive with an artillery barrage of Austro-Hungarian lines in Galicia.

Brusilov Offensive:

Galicia:

1896  Henry Ford completes the Ford Quadricycle, his first gasoline-powered automobile, and gives it a successful test run.

1878  Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.

Cyprus Convention of 1878:

History of the Ottoman Empire:

1859  Italian Independence wars: In the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army.

1825  General Lafayette, a French officer in the American Revolutionary War, speaks at what would become Lafayette Square, Buffalo, during his visit to the United States.

1794  British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti.

History of Haiti :

Haiti :

Foreign Relations of Haiti :

Economy of Haiti :

 

 

JUNE 05

2009  After 65 straight days of civil disobedience, at least 31 people are killed in clashes between security forces and indigenous people near Bagua, Peru.

Civil Disobedience:

Civil disobedience – dictionary.com

2006  Serbia declares independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

2000  The Six-Day War in Kisangani begins in Kisangani, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between Ugandan and Rwandan forces. A large part of the city is destroyed.

Six-Day War in Kisangani of 2000:

History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:

Belgian Congo:

Democratic Republic of the Congo:

Foreign Relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:

Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:

1995  The Bose–Einstein condensate is first created.

1989  The Tank Man halts the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

1984  The Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, orders an attack on the Golden Temple, the holiest site of the Sikh religion.

1981  The “Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report” of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that five people in Los Angeles, California, have a rare form of pneumonia seen only in patients with weakened immune systems, in what turns out to be the first recognized cases of AIDS.

HIV/AIDS:

1977  A coup takes place in Seychelles.

Seychelles:

Foreign Relations of Seychelles:

History of Seychelles:

Economy of Seychelles:

1975  The United Kingdom holds its first country-wide referendum on remaining in the European Economic Community (EEC).

1975  The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the Six-Day War.

Six-Day War:

Suez Crisis (1956-1957):

Egypt and Israel over Suez in 1950:

Egypt-Israel Relations:

1972  UN Conference on Human Environment opens in Stockholm.

UN Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm:

1969  The International communist conference begins in Moscow.

1968  Robert F. Kennedy, a U.S. presidential candidate, is shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, by Sirhan Sirhan, a Palestinian. Kennedy dies the next day.

Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy:

1967  The Six-Day War begins: Israel launches surprise strikes against Egyptian air-fields in response to the mobilization of Egyptian forces on the Israeli border.

Six-Day War:

1964  DSV Alvin is commissioned.

1963  Movement of 15 Khordad: Protests against the arrest of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini by the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In several cities, masses of angry demonstrators are confronted by tanks and paratroopers.

1959  The first government of the State of Singapore is sworn in.

History of Singapore:

Singapore:

Singaporean Self-Rule:

1949  Thailand elects Orapin Chaiyakan, the first female member of Thailand’s Parliament.

1947  Marshall Plan: In a speech at Harvard University, the United States Secretary of State George Marshall calls for economic aid to war-torn Europe.

Marshall Plan:

Timelines of the Marshall Plan:

1945  The Allied Control Council, the military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.

Allied Control Council:

Occupation of Germany:

1944  World War II: More than 1000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.

1942  World War II: The United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania.

1941  World War II: Four1 thousand Chongqing residents are asphyxiated in a bomb shelter during the Bombing of Chongqing.

1940  World War II: After a brief lull in the Battle of France, the Germans renew the offensive against the remaining French divisions south of the River Somme in Operation Fall Rot (“Case Red”).

1933  The US Congress abrogates the United States’ use of the gold standard by enacting a joint resolution (48 Stat. 112) nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold.

Gold Standard:

Gold Standard Act:

End of the Gold Standard in 1971:

1917  World War I: Conscription begins in the United States as “Army registration day”.

Conscription and Its History in the United States:

Conscription in Europe (France and Britain):

Conscientious Objection and Objector:

History of Conscientious Objection:

1916  Louis Brandeis is sworn in as a Justice of the United States Supreme Court; he is the first American Jew to hold such a position.

1915  Denmark amends its constitution to allow women’s suffrage.

Women’s Rights, including Suffrage, in Denmark:

Women’s Suffrage and Its History:

Women’s Rights in General:

1900  Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.

Pretoria:

Second Boer War:

1883  The first regularly scheduled Orient Express departs Paris.

Orient Express:

Peace Train related Events:

1862  As the Treaty of Saigon is signed, ceding parts of southern Vietnam to France, the guerrilla leader Trương Định decides to defy Emperor Tự Đức of Vietnam and fight on against the Europeans.

1851  Harriet Beecher Stowe‘s anti-slavery serial, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly, starts a ten-month run in the National Era abolitionist newspaper.

1832  The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis Philippe.

1798  The Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread the United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated.

________________________________________

Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program/project officer, legal protection/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.  His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.  His interest and/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental/ecological issues, science and technology, visual/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, he is currently compiling This Week in History on TMS.

(Sources and references: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/may_30   to_june_5; http://www.onthisday.com/events/may/30   to june/5;   http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/may_30.html.   to june_5.html; and other pertinent web sites and/or documents, mentioned above.)

  1. The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.
  2. One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about “peace”, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external/outer peace and internal/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address “peace”.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 30 May 2016.

Anticopyright: Editorials and articles originated on TMS may be freely reprinted, disseminated, translated and used as background material, provided an acknowledgement and link to the source, TMS: This Week in History, is included. Thank you.

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