This Week in History

HISTORY, 24 Jul 2023

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

24 July 1929:    “1929 US President Herbert Hoover proclaims Kellogg-Briand Pact which renounces war” ( Historical Events on July 24 – On This Day )  See the transcript of the proclamation (= President Hoover’s speech) 
24 July 1929: Address on Kellogg-Briand Pact | Miller Center
What is the Kellogg-Briand Pact?  
By the way, as you may know, even though the Kellogg-Briand Pact was eventually unimplemented, it became the backbone of the Article 9 of the Peace Constitution of Japan.  
Article 9. 
Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.
In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.
The first paragraph of the Article 9 was drafted by Charles Kades#), Harvard Law School graduated lawyer.  He prepared the draft based on the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
The second paragraph of the Article 9 was added by Kijuro Shidehara.
Perhaps, it can be said that Article 9, especially its first paragraph, stemmed from the Pact via Kades, whereas its second paragraph stemmed from Shidehara.
Some media reported that Kades had a Japanese lover, Countess Tsuruyo Torio, when he was in Japan. It was reported that he took Torio from her husband by using his political power.
Kades’ case has been considered that one of the examples that even American officials, when they were in Japan, had the so-called comfort women.  When Americans refer to the cases of the Korean comfort women for the Japanese soldiers during WWII, the Japanese Government refers to Kades’ case.
See ->>> “A famous episode in Kades’ life involved an affair with Torio Tsuruyo….”  Charles Louis Kades – Wikipedia

24 July 1959:    Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev have a “kitchen debate” (history.com) ->>> Cold War Era!

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25 July 1945:    Truman drops hint to Stalin about a “terrible” new weapon (history.com)  ->>> Atomic Bombs!
 
25 July 1969:    The Nixon Doctrine is announced (history.com)  ->>> Vietnam War!  
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26 July 1908:   FBI founded (history.com)

26 July 1947:    President Truman signs the National Security Act (history.com) ->>> Cold War!
 
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27 July 1953:    Armistice ends Korean War hostilities (history.com)  ->>> Korean War!

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28 July 1914:    Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (history.com)  ->>> World War I

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29 July 1905:    Swedish economist and statesman Dag Hammarskjöld, who served as the second secretary-general (1953–61) of the United Nations and received the 1961 Nobel Peace Prize, was born. ( ->>> On This Day – What Happened on July 29 | Britannica
29 July 1913:    Albania was formally recognized by the major European powers as an independent principality following the issuance of the Vlorë proclamation.  (On This Day – What Happened on July 29 | Britannica )  
 
29 July 1921:    Adolf Hitler becomes the leader of the Nazi Party (history.com)
 

29 July 1958:   NASA Created (history.com)

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30 July 1898:    ‘Iron Chancellor’ Bismarck Dies – On This Day
Now, the U.S.,NATO, Ukraine and their followers (such as Japan) are fighting (politically and/or militarily) with Russia.  These countries should remember Bismarck’s words: “Never fight with Russian.”   https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1415030
“Hungarian PM Viktor Orban has pledged not to “fight” Russia or let the country get dragged into the Ukraine conflict as long as his government remains in power.” NATO member warns it will never fight Russia — RT World News

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Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment. Having worked as researcher, development program/project officer, legal protection/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, he prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.  His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.  His interest and/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental/ecological issues, audio/visual documentation of nature and culture, and more.


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