Public Statement: Scholars Warn of Potential Genocide in Gaza

INDIGENOUS RIGHTS, 23 Oct 2023

Mohsen al Attar | Opinio Juris - TRANSCEND Media Service

In a world where powerful states are becoming more brazen in their impunity, it is crucial to give voice to those who resist. Along with nearly 800 lawyers, scholars, and practitioners, representing a diverse range of perspectives from academia and practice, I have signed a statement warning of the possibility of genocide in Gaza, Palestine. This open letter underscores the gravity of the situation, pinpointing multiple instances where the state of Israel appears to have breached international law, in full public view and frequently with the endorsement of a certain political class and a servile media. It is imperative we address these transgressions and hold accountable those who act with disregard for international law and for basic human decency, however flawed these might be. I urge every reader to reflect on this statement and the implications of what is happening for us, for international law, and, most of all, for the Palestinian people.

— Mohsen al Attar

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15 Oct 2023

As scholars and practitioners of international law, conflict studies and genocide studies, we are compelled to sound the alarm about the possibility of the crime of genocide being perpetrated by Israeli forces against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. We do not do so lightly, recognising the weight of this crime, but the gravity of the current situation demands it.

The pre-existing conditions in the Gaza Strip had already prompted discussions of genocide prior to the current escalation – such as by the National Lawyers Guild in 2014, the Russell Tribunal on Palestine in 2014, and the Center for Constitutional Rights in 2016. Scholars have warned over the years that the siege of Gaza may amount to a “prelude to genocide” or a “slow-motion genocide”. The prevalence of racist and dehumanising language and hate speech in social media was also noted in a warning issued in July 2014 by the UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide and Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect, in response to Israel’s conduct against the protected Palestinian population. The Special Advisers noted that individual Israelis had disseminated messages that could be dehumanising to the Palestinians and that had called for the killing of members of this group, and reiterated that incitement to commit atrocity crimes is prohibited under international law.

Israel’s current military offensive on the Gaza Strip since 7 October 2023, however, is unprecedented in scale and severity, and consequently in its ramifications for the population of Gaza. Following the incursion by Palestinian armed groups on 7 October 2023, including criminal attacks against Israeli civilians, the Gaza Strip has been subjected to incessant and indiscriminate bombardment by Israeli forces. Between 7 October and 9:00 a.m. on 15 October, there have been 2,329 Palestinians killed and 9,042 Palestinians injured in Israeli attacks on Gaza, including over 724 children, huge swathes of neighbourhoods and entire families across Gaza have been obliterated. Israel’s Defence Minister ordered a “complete siege” of the Gaza Strip prohibiting the supply of fuel, electricity, water and other essential necessities. This terminology itself indicates an intensification of an already illegal, potentially genocidal siege to an outright destructive assault.

Late on 12 October, the Israeli authorities issued an order for more than 1.1million Palestinians in Gaza City and the northern Gaza Strip to leave their homes and flee to the south of Gaza within 24 hours, knowing that this would be practically impossible for many. Palestinians who did start to evacuate south reported that civilians and ambulances were targeted and hit by Israeli airstrikes on the designated “safe route”, killing at least 70 Palestinians who were fleeing to seek refuge. The ICRC stated that “the evacuation orders, coupled with the complete siege” are incompatible with international humanitarian law. Almost half a million Palestinians have already been displaced, and Israeli forces have bombed the only possible exit route that Israel does not control, the Rafah crossing to Egypt multiple times. The World Health Organisation published a warning that “[f]orcing more than 2000 patients to relocate to southern Gaza, where health facilities are already running at maximum capacity and unable to absorb a dramatic rise in the number patients, could be tantamount to a death sentence”.

There has also been an escalation of violence, arrests, expulsions, and destruction of whole Palestinian communities in the occupied West Bank and Jerusalem. Since 7 October, Israeli settlers, with the backing of the army and police, have attacked and shot Palestinian civilians at point blank range (as documented in the villages of a-Tuwani and Qusra), have invaded their homes and assaulted residents. A number of Palestinian communities have already been forced to abandon their homes, after which settlers arrived and destroyed their property. Between 7 – 15 October, Al-Haq documented the killing by Israeli military and settlers of 55 Palestinians in the West Bank, and more the injury of 1,200 Palestinians there.

Statements of Israeli officials since 7 October 2023 suggest that beyond the killings and restriction of basic conditions for life perpetrated against Palestinians in Gaza, there are also indications that the ongoing and imminent Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip are being conducted with potentially genocidal intent. Language used by Israeli political and military figures appears to reproduce rhetoric and tropes associated with genocide and incitement to genocide. Dehumanising descriptions of Palestinians have been prevalent. Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant declared on 9 October that “we are fighting human animals and we act accordingly”. He subsequently announced that Israel was moving to “a full-scale response” and that he had “removed every restriction” on Israeli forces, as well as stating: “Gaza won’t return to what it was before. We will eliminate everything.” On 10 October, the head of the Israeli army’s Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), Maj. Gen. Ghassan Alian, addressed a message directly to Gaza residents: “Human animals must be treated as such. There will be no electricity and no water, there will only be destruction. You wanted hell, you will get hell”. The same day, Israeli army spokesperson Daniel Hagari acknowledged the wanton and intentionally destructive nature of Israel’s bombing campaign in Gaza: “The emphasis is on damage and not on accuracy.”

Since 2007, Israel has defined the Gaza Strip as a whole as an “enemy entity”. On 7 October, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that Gazans would pay an “immense price” for the actions of Hamas fighters. He asserted that Israel will wage a prolonged offensive and will turn parts of Gaza’s densely populated urban centres “into rubble”. Israel’s President emphasised that the Israeli authorities view the entire Palestinian population of Gaza as responsible for the actions of militant groups, and subject accordingly to collective punishment and unrestricted use of force: “It is an entire nation out there that is responsible. It is not true this rhetoric about civilians not being aware, not involved. It’s absolutely not true”. Israeli Minister of Energy and Infrastructure Israel Katz added: “All the civilian population in Gaza is ordered to leave immediately. We will win. They will not receive a drop of water or a single battery until they leave the world.”

Evidence of incitement to genocide has also been present in Israeli public discourse. This ranges from statements by elected officials – such as Knesset member Ariel Kallner’s call on 7 October for “one goal: Nakba! [catastrophe for Palestinians] A Nakba that will overshadow the Nakba of 1948” – to public banners displayed in Israeli cities calling for a “victory” signified by “zero population in Gaza” and the “annihilation of Gaza”. On national television, security correspondent Alon Ben David relayed the Israeli military’s plan to destroy Gaza City, Jabaliyya, Beit Lahiya, and Beit Hanun. Such statements are not new and resonate with a wider Israeli discourse showcasing the intent for elimination and genocide against the Palestinian people. Earlier in the year, for example, Israeli Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich called Palestinians “repugnant”, “disgusting” and called for “wiping out” the entire Palestinian village of Huwwara in the West Bank.

On 12 October 2023, a group of UN Special Rapporteurs’ condemned “Israel’s indiscriminate military attacks against the already exhausted Palestinian people of Gaza, comprising over 2.3 million people, nearly half of whom are children. They have lived under unlawful blockade for 16 years, and already gone through five major brutal wars, which remain unaccounted for”. The UN experts warned against “the withholding of essential supplies such as food, water, electricity and medicines. Such actions will precipitate a severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza, where its population is now at inescapable risk of starvation. Intentional starvation is a crime against humanity”. On 14 October 2023, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the occupied Palestinian territory warned against “a repeat of the 1948 Nakba, and the 1967 Naksa, yet on a larger scale” as Israel carries out “mass ethnic cleansing of Palestinians under the fog of war”.

The Palestinian people constitute a national group for the purposes of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (the Genocide Convention). The Palestinians of the Gaza Strip constitute a substantial proportion of the Palestinian nation, and are being targeted by Israel because they are Palestinian. The Palestinian population of Gaza appears to be presently subjected by the Israeli forces and authorities to widespread killing, bodily and mental harm, and unviable conditions of life – against a backdrop of Israeli statements which evidence signs of intent to physically destroy the population.

Article II of the Genocide Convention provides that “genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

• Killing members of the group;
• Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
• Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;

(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;

(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.”

All states are bound as a matter of law by the principle that genocide is a crime prohibited under international law. The International Court of Justice has affirmed that the prohibition of genocide is a peremptory norm of international law from which no derogation is allowed. The Convention provides that individuals who attempt genocide or who incite to genocide “shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals”.

Article I of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide provides that: “The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish”. The International Court of Justice has clarified that “a State’s obligation to prevent, and the corresponding duty to act, arise at the instant that the State learns of, or should normally have learned of, the existence of a serious risk that genocide will be committed. From that moment onwards, if the State has available to it means likely to have a deterrent effect on those suspected of preparing genocide, or reasonably suspected of harbouring specific intent (dolus specialis), it is under a duty to make such use of these means as the circumstances permit”.

Palestinian human rights organisations, Jewish civil society groups, Holocaust and genocide studies scholars and others have by now warned of an imminent genocide against the Palestinian population in Gaza. We emphasise the existence of a serious risk of genocide being committed in the Gaza Strip.

The undersigned urgently appeal to states to take concrete and meaningful steps to individually and collectively prevent genocidal acts, in line with their legal duty to prevent the crime of genocide. They must protect the Palestinian population, and ensure that Israel refrains from any further incitement to genocide and from the perpetration of conduct prohibited by Article II of the Genocide Convention.

All states should immediately act under Article VIII, and should call upon the competent organs of the United Nations, particularly the UN General Assembly, to take urgent action under the Charter of the United Nations appropriate for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide. We note specifically the role of the General Assembly here, given that the Security Council is compromised by the United States and the United Kingdom (both permanent veto-holding members) sending military forces to the eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel.

We recall that in 1982, the General Assembly condemned the massacre of Palestinian civilians in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps as “an act of genocide”. We note also that the state of Palestine is entitled to initiate, in accordance with Article IX of the Genocide Convention, proceedings before the International Court of Justice in order to prevent the perpetration of genocidal acts.

Finally, we call on all relevant UN bodies, including the Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect, as well as the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court to immediately intervene, to carry out the necessary investigations and invoke the necessary warning procedures to protect the Palestinian population from genocide.

791 Signatories:

1. Aanchal Saraf, Dartmouth College
2. Aannd Vaidya, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Reed College
3. Aaron Seymour, Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney
4. Aasiya Lodhi, Senior Lecturer, University of Westminster.
5. Abdelghany Sayed, Assistant Lecturer, PhD Candidate, Kent Law School.
6. Abdullah Omran, PhD student, Indiana University
7. Abigail Balbale, New York University
8. Adalmir Marquetti, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS).
9. Adam Elliott-Cooper, Lecturer, School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London
10. Adrian Carrillo Gomez, PhD student, Deusto University.
11. Afshin Matin-Asgari, Professor of Middle East history, California State University, Los Angeles
12. Ahmad Al-Dissi, Professor, University of Saskatchewan
13. Ahmad Fouad, Lecturer of Law, the British University in Egypt
14. Ahmad Khaled, PhD, Assistant Professor of Public Law, Birzeit University.
15. Ahmad Mustafa, Ph.D. student at the University of Kansas
16. Ahmed Abofoul, International Lawyer, Legal Researcher and Advocacy Officer at Al-Haq Organisation
17. Ahmed Selim, PhD Student, University of Chicago
18. Ahmet Ferhat Baran, PhD Student, University of Aberdeen.
19. Ajantha Subramanian, Professor, City University of New York.
20. Alba Valenciano-Mañé, post-doctoral researcher, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
21. Albert Caramés, Adjunct Professor, Blanquerna – Ramon Llull University
22. Alessandra Mezzadri SOAS Reader in Global Development and Political Economy
23. Alessandro Donadio Miebach, Adjunct Professor, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
24. Alexander D. Barder, Professor of International Relations, Florida International University
25. Alexandre Abreu, Assistant Professor, ISEG-Lisbon School of Economics and Management.
26. Alfredo Alietti, Professor, University of Ferrara Italy
27. Ali Cebeci, PhD, Georgetown University
28. Ali Raza, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences
29. Alice Panepinto, Reader, School of Law, Queen’s University Belfast
30. Alicia Campos Serrano, Profesora Titular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
31. Alison Phipps, UNESCO, Chair University of Glasgow
32. Alma Khasawnih, The College of New Jersey
33. Alyosxa Tudor, Reader in Gender Studies, SOAS University of London.
34. Alyssa Kristeller, Graduate Student Georgetown University.
35. Aman, Associate Professor of Legal Practice, Jindal Global University
36. Amber De Clerck, PhD Student & Teaching Assistant, Ghent University, Belgium
37. Amber Lakhani, PhD Candidate & GTA, SOAS University of London.
38. Amira Abdelhamid, Lecturer in International Relations, University of Portsmouth
39. Amy Strecker, Associate Professor of Law, University College Dublin
40. Anamika Misra, Associate Lecturer, University of Bristol.
41. Anand Sheombar, researcher & lecturer, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, NL.
42. Ananya Chakravarti, Associate Professor of History, Georgetown University
43. Anas Karzai, Laurentian University, Canada
44. Andrea Cornwall, Professor of Global Development and Anthropology, King’s College London.
45. Andrea Maria Pelliconi, Teaching Associate, University of Nottingham
46. Andrea Mura, Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London
47. Andrea Teti, Associate Professor of Political Science, Univeristy of Salerno, Italy
48. Andrew Bush, Assistant Professor, Bard College
49. Angana Chatterji, University of California, Berkeley.
50. Angela Daly, Professor of Law & Technology, University of Dundee.
51. Angela Smith, Sessional Academic, University of New South Wales
52. Angela Zito, Anthropology/Religious Studies, NYU
53. Anita H. Fábos, Professor, International Development, Community & Environment Department, Clark University
54. Anita Rupprecht, University of Brighton
55. Anjali Arondekar, Professor, Feminist Studies, UCSC
56. Anna Bigelow, Stanford University.
57. Anna Ferguson, Georgetown University
58. Anna Rosellini, University of Bologna
59. Anna-Claire Steffen, PhD Candidate, UMass Amherst
60. Annaclaudia Martini, Assistant Professor at University of Bologna, Italy
61. Annapurna Menon, Teaching Associate, University of Sheffield
62. Anne Berg, Assistant Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania.
63. Anne Hunnell Chen, Assistant Professor of Art History and visual culture, Bard College
64. Anne Norton, Professor, University of Pennsylvania
65. Anneke Newman, Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Ghent
66. Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi, Barnard College, Columbia University
67. Anthony Alessandrini, Professor, City University of New York
68. Anthony Gorman, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh.
69. Anton Shammas, Prof. Emeritus of Middle East Literatures, University of Michigan
70. Antonio C. S. Rosa, Editor, TRANSCEND Media Service-TMS
71. Antonio Scialà, Università Roma Tre, Italy
72. Antonio Y. Vazquez-Arroyo, Associate Professor, Rutgers University-Newark.
73. Arathi Sriprakash, University of Oxford
74. Arun Kundnani, independent scholar and writer
75. Arzu Somalı, PhD student, University of Istanbul.
76. Aseil Abu-Baker, Legal Consultant.
77. Ashok Kumar, Senior Lecturer of Political Economy, Birkbeck University.
78. Asli Bali, Professor of Law, Yale University.
79. Astrid Mrkich, refugee lawyer, Toronto, Canada
80. Ata Hindi, Birzeit University.
81. Atiya Habeeb Kidwai, retired Professor, Jawharlal Nehru University, India
82. Ayça Çubukçu, Associate Professor in Human Rights, LSE
83. Ayesha Khalid Chaudhry, Doctoral candidate at Deakin University Australia
84. Ayesha Umaña Dajud, JSD student, Cornell University
85. Ayushman Bhagat, Lecturer, Brunel University London
86. Azam Khatam, Instructor, York University
87. Azeezah Kanji, legal academic and journalist.
88. Badreddine Rachidi, Graduate Student & Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University.
89. Baki Tezcan, Professor of History, University of California, Davis
90. Banah Ghadbian, Assistant Professor Of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman College
91. Barbara Aiolfi, research fellow University of Milan – BICOCCA
92. Barbara De Poli, Associate Professor, Ca’ Foscari University Venice
93. Barry Trachtenberg, Rubin Presidential Chair of Jewish History, Wake Forest University, North Carolina.
94. Basheer Ahmad, Retired professor, JNU, New Delhi
95. Bashir Saade, Lecturer in Politics and Religion, University of Stirling.
96. Bayan Abusneineh, Assistant Professor, Ohio State University
97. Ben Golder, Professor, UNSW
98. Ben Whitham, Lecturer in International Relations, SOAS University of London
99. Ben Wiedel-Kaufmann, Lecturer, The Open University.
100. Benjamin Selwyn, Professor of International Relations and Development, University of Sussex.
101. Benjamin Thorne, Lecturer in Law, University of Kent.
102. Berklee Baum, DPhil, University of Oxford
103. Besan Jaber, Georgetown University.
104. Bielasan Tareq Zaina, PhD Student, Georgetown University.
105. Bikrum Gill, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Virginia Tech
106. Bilal Maanaki, University of Virginia
107. Bilge Yesil, City University of New York
108. Bircan Ciytak, Research Fellow, University of Birmingham
109. Birgul Kutan, University of Sussex
110. Bishnupriya Ghosh, Professor, UC Santa Barbara
111. Blanca Camps-Febrer, Adjunct Lecturer, Autonomous University of Barcelona
112. Brannon Ingram, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, North-western University
113. Brendan Ciaran Browne, Assistant Professor, School of Religion, Theology and Peace Studies, Trinity College Dublin
114. Brenna Bhandar, Associate Professor, Allard Law Faculty
115. Bridget Guarasci, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Franklin & Marshall College
116. Bruce Robbins, Columbia University
117. Camila Vergara, Senior Lecturer, University of Essex
118. Camilo Pérez-Bustillo, Executive Director, National Lawyers’ Guild-San Francisco Bay Area chapter
119. Carlo Caprioglio, Legal Clinic on Migration and Asylum, Università Roma Tre
120. Carlo Leget, Professor of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies.
121. Carlos Bichet, Assistant Professor, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas , Universidad de Panama.
122. Catherine Charrett, Senior Lecturer, International Relations, University of Westminster.
123. Catherine Larocque, PhD candidate, University of Ottawa
124. Cemil Aydin, Professor of International History, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
125. Ceyda Turan, Lawyer at Turan Law Office
126. Chaman Lal Retd Professor JNU
127. Charles des Portes, Teaching Fellow in Political Theory, University of Leeds
128. Chiara De Cesari, Professor of Heritage, Memory and Cultural Studies, University of Amsterdam.
129. Chiara Pagano, Post-doc, University of Graz
130. Chi-Chi Shi, PhD Researcher, Durham University
131. Chris Barker, Assistant Professor, The American University in Cairo
132. Chris Dole, Professor of Anthropology, Amherst College
133. Chris Gilbert, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela
134. Christina Murray, Graduate Student, MAAS, Georgetown.
135. Christine Hong, Professor, UC Santa Cruz
136. Christo El Morr, Professor, York University, Canada
137. Christopher Parker, Associate Professor, Ghent University
138. Cigdem Cidam, Professor of Political Science, Union College Schenectady NY
139. Cira Pascual Marquina, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela
140. Claire Begbie, PhD student at Concordia University, Montreal.
141. Claire Gallien, Professor, University Montpellier 3
142. Clara Han, Professor of Anthropology, Johns Hopkins University
143. Claudia Dides, Universidad de Santiago.
144. Claudia Saba, Adjunct Lecturer, Ramon Llull University
145. Clement Sichimwa, Lecturer and Researcher at University of Zambia
146. Clod Marlan Krister Yambao, Asst. Professor University of the Philippines Dept. of Art Studies and Doctoral Research Fellow, Conflict Research Group, Ghent Univesity
147. Colleen Bell, Associate Professor, University of Saskatchewan
148. Cristiana Fiamingo, assistant prof. University of Milan
149. Cristina Bacchilega, Professor Emerita, University of Hawaii-Manoa
150. Curtis F.J. Doebbler, Research Professor of Law, Department of Law, University of Makeni
151. Cynthia Franklin, Professor, University of Hawai’i
152. Dalia Said Mostafa, Associate Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
153. Daniel Brown, PhD, LSE Sociology Department
154. Daniel Segal, Jean M Pitzer Professor Emeritus, Pitzer College
155. Daniel Stein, Assistant Professor, O.P. Jindal Global Law School
156. Daniela Meneghini ca’ Foscari università of Venice
157. Daniela Pioppi University of Naples L’Orientale
158. Danielle Fernandes, Doctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
159. Dara Leyden, PhD candidate, Queen Mary University of London
160. Daragh Murray, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, Queen Mary University of London.
161. Darryl Li, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Associate Member of the Law School, University of Chicago.
162. David Leadbeater, Adjunct Professor, Laurentian University, Canada
163. David Palumbo-Liu, Louise Hewlett Nixon Professor, Stanford University.
164. David Theo Goldberg, Professor, University of California, Irvine
165. David van Leeuwen, professor, Radboud University Nijmegen
166. David Whyte, Professor of Climate Justice, Queen Mary University of London
167. Dearbhla Minogue, Senior Lawyer at Global Legal Action Network
168. Deborah B. Gould, Professor of Sociology, University of California, Santa Cruz
169. Deborah Lawson, PhD Candidate, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool.
170. Deen Sharp, Visiting Fellow, LSE
171. Diana Allan, McGill University
172. Diana Jeater, Professor of African History, University of Liverpool
173. Diane Lamoureux, professeure émérite, Université Laval.
174. Dimitri Van Den Meerssche, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London.
175. Dina Al-Kassim, Professor, University of British Columbia
176. Dina M. Siddiqi, Global Liberal Studies, New York University
177. Dina Matar, Professor Political Communication, SOAS
178. Dino Pancani C, Facultad de Comunicacion e Imagen, Universidad de Chile.
179. Dolly Kikon, University of Melbourne
180. Donia Khraishi, Georgetown University
181. Douaa sheet, Assistant Professor, American University
182. Douglas Carson, Design Fellow, University College Dublin
183. Dr David Landy, Director of MPhil in Race Ethnicity and Conflict, Trinity College Dublin
184. Edemilson Paraná, Associate Professor of Social Sciences, LUT University, Finland
185. Eduardo Villavicencio, PhD Student, Kent Law School.
186. Edward Brennan, Lecturer, Technological University, Dublin
187. Edwin Bikundo, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law School
188. Eftychia Mylona, Lecturer, Leiden University
189. Egidio de Bustamante, Senior Lecturer, Unit for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Innsbruck.
190. Ekin Kurtic, Postdoctoral Fellow, Northwestern University
191. Elena Vezzadini, Research affiliate, Institute for African Worlds
192. Elif Babül, Associate Professor, Mount Holyoke College
193. Elif Durmuş, Postdoctoral Researcher in International Law and Human Rights, University of Antwerp
194. Elisa Giunchi, Professor, Università degli studi di Milano
195. Elizabeth Shakman Hurd, Professor of Politics and Religious Studies, Northwestern University.
196. Elora Halim Chowdhury, Professor, UMass Boston
197. Elora Shehabuddin, Professor, UC Berkeley
198. Elyse Crystall, Teaching Professor, UNC Chapel Hill
199. Emilio Dabed, adjunct professor of law, York University, Toronto
200. Emily J. Sumner, Ph.D. candidate, University of Minnesota
201. Emily Watkins, Graduate Teaching Assistant/Instructor, University of Kansas
202. Emma Palmer, Senior Lecturer, Griffith University
203. Enrica Rigo, Associate professor of law, University of Roma Tre
204. Eren Duzgun, Assistant Professor of International Relations, University of Cyprus
205. Eric Hooglund, Editor, Middle East Critique
206. Eskandar Sadeghi, Associate Professor, University of York
207. Estella Carpi, Assistant Professor in Humanitarian Studies, University College London
208. Ettore Asoni, University of Bologna
209. Eva Nanopoulos, Senior Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London.
210. Fabio Lanza, Professor, University of Arizona.
211. Fabio Marcelli, Senior Researcher of the Institute for International legal studies.
212. Fadi Ennab, Vanier Scholar/PhD Student, University of Manitoba
213. Farah Mahmoud, Doctoral Candidate, Florida International University
214. Farida Khan, Professor, University of Colorado
215. Fatemeh Shams, Associate Professor of Persian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A
216. Fathimah Fildzah Izzati, PhD Candidate, SOAS University of London
217. Fatima Sajjad, Associate professor, Director Center for Critical Peace Studies, University of Management and Technology Lahore
218. Fauzia Ahmad, Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths
219. Féilim Ó hAdhmaill, Lecturer, University College Cork
220. Felícia Campos, PhD researcher in Islamic & Middle Eastern Studies, University of Edinburgh.
221. Felicite Fairer-Wessels, emeritus professor, University of Pretoria, South Africa
222. Fernando Quintana, PhD Student and GTA, Queen Mary University of London, School of Law
223. Fida Adely, Assistant Professor, Georgetown University
224. Fien De Meyer, PhD, University of Antwerp.
225. Flagg Miller, Professor, University of California, Davis
226. Francesca Biancani, Associate Professor, University of Bologna
227. Francesca Romana Ammaturo, Senior Lecturer, London Metropolitan University.
228. Francis Cody, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Toronto
229. Francisca James Hernandez, Instructional Faculty, Pima Community College
230. Fulya Pinar, Postdoctoral scholar, Middle East Studies, Brown University.
231. Gabriela Kuetting, Professor of Global Politics, Rutgers University-Newark
232. Gabriele vom Bruck, SOAS.
233. Gareth Dale, Politics, Brunel University
234. Gargi Bhattacharyya, Professor, University of the Arts
235. Gary Fields, University of California San Diego
236. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Professor, Columbia University
237. Gearóid Ó Cuinn, Founding Director, Global Legal Action Network (GLAN)
238. Gennaro Gervasio, Associate Professor, Università Roma Tre
239. German Correa profesor Universidad de Santiago de Chile.
240. Germán Santana Pérez, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
241. Ghada Ageel, University of Alberta.
242. Ghadir Zannoun, Associate Professor, University of Kentucky
243. Gholam Khiabany, Goldsmiths, University of London
244. Gianfranco Ragona, professor at University of Turin
245. Gillian Hart, Professor Emeritus, University of California Berkeley
246. Gillian Maris Jones, Ph.D. candidate, University of Pennsylvania
247. Giorgia Baldi, Lecturer, University of Sussex.
248. Giulia Contes, project manger and PhD student, UAntwerpen
249. Giuseppe Aragno, Storico, Fondazione Humaniter, Napoli
250. Giuseppe Mastruzzo, Director, International University College of Turin
251. Gloria Novovic, Gender, Development and Globalisation Fellow, London School of Economics.
252. Golnar Nikpour, Assistant Professor or History, Dartmouth College
253. Gordon Christie, Professor, Peter A Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia
254. Goretti Horgan, Senior Lecturer, Ulster University
255. Greg Albo, professor, Politics, York University
256. Greg Burris, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.
257. Guido Donini, former Assistant Professor 0ffof Classics at the University of Chicago
258. Guillermo Gigliani, Professor, Universidad Nacional de Moreno, Argentina
259. Hadia Mubarak, Assistant Professor of Religion, Queens University of Charlotte.
260. Haim Beresheeth, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS University of London.
261. Hakeem Yusuf, Professor of Global Law, University of Derby
262. Hamed Al-Mogarry, Sana’a University.
263. Hanan Elsayed, Occidental College
264. Hanan Kashou, Associate Teaching Professor, Rutger University.
265. Hanan Toukan, Associate Professor, Bard College Berlin
266. Hannah Boast, Chancellor’s Fellow, University of Edinburgh
267. Hannah NS Bahrin, PhD student, Queen Mary University
268. Hannelore Van Bavel, postdoctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & University of Bristol
269. Harold Marcuse, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
270. Hasan Basri Bülbül, Assistant Professor of International Law, Boğaziçi University, Turkey.
271. Hasan Shuaib, PhD Graduate, Rutgers University
272. Hassan Jabareen, General Director, Adalah Legal Center.
273. Hatice Ozturk, PhD student, Georgetown University
274. Hayley Gibson, University of Kent.
275. Hazem Jamjoum, Curator, British Library.
276. Helga Tawil-Souri, Associate Professor, New York University
277. Helmi Mohammed Abdo, Sana’a Community College.
278. Helyeh Doutaghi, Research Scholar, Yale University.
279. Hesham Sallam, Stanford University
280. Hilla Dayan, Lecturer, Amsterdam University College.
281. Hossein Kamaly, Professor of Interfaith Studies, Hartford international University for Religion and Peace
282. Howard Pflanzer, Adj. Associate Professor, Hunter College
283. Howard Winant, University of California, Santa Barbara
284. Howie Rechavia-Taylor, Fellow, LSE
285. Hulya Dagdeviren, Professor of Economic Development, University of Hertfordshire.
286. Humeira Iqtidar, King’s College London
287. Huseyin Disli & Kent Law School/Worldwide Lawyers Association Research and Programmes Executive.
288. Idil Abdillahi Assistant Professor, TMU.
289. Ignasi Bernat, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Sociology, University of Barcelona
290. Inessa Hadjivayanis, PhD candidate, SOAS.
291. Inge van Nistelrooij, associate professor, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht.
292. Intan Suwandi, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Illinois State University.
293. Iqra Anugrah, Research Fellow, International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden University.
294. Ira Bhaskar, Retd. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
295. Irene Van Staveren, professor of economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
296. Irina Ceric, Assistant Professor, University of Windsor Faculty of Law
297. Isabel Huacuja Alonso, Assistant Professor, Columbia University
298. Isabel Käser, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Bern
299. Isabella Camera d’Afflitto – Honorary Professor, Sapienza università di Roma
300. Isabelle Mildonian, Graduate, Roanoke College.
301. Işıl Aral, Assistant professor of international law, Koç University
302. Isobel Roele, Reader in Law, Queen Mary University of London
303. Issa Shivji, Professor Emeritus, University of Dar es Salaam
304. J. Travis Shutz, Assistant Professor, California State University Los Angeles
305. Jack Halberstam, Columbia University
306. Jack McGinn, PhD candidate, LSE
307. Jairo I. Fúnez-Flores, Texas Tech University
308. Jalal Kawash, Academic, University of Calgary
309. Jamal Ali, Assistant Teaching Professor, Rutgers University
310. James Eastwood, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London
311. Jan Selby, Professor of International Politics, University of Leeds
312. Jaskiran Dhillon, Associate Professor, The New School
313. Jasmin Johurun Nessa, University of Liverpool.
314. Jasmine Barzani, PhD candidate Melbourne University
315. Jason Beckett, Associate Professor, American University in Cairo
316. Javier González-Arellano, Profesor asociado de filosofía del Derecho Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
317. Jay Ramasubramanyam, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Science, York University
318. Jean Beaman, Associate Professor, Sociology, University of California-Santa Barbara
319. Jeannette Graulau, Associate Professor, CUNY
320. Jeff Handmaker, Associate Professor, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
321. Jeffrey Sacks, Associate Professor, University of California, Riverside
322. Jeffrey Stevenson Murer, Senior Lecturer on Collective Violence, University of St Andrews
323. Jehan Mohamed, Lecturer, Rutgers State University.
324. Jenny Phillimore, Professor, University of Birmingham
325. Jeremy Dell, Lecturer, University of Edinburgh
326. Jessie Daniels, PhD, Professor, CUNY
327. Jillian Rogin, Associate Professor (Law), University of Windsor.
328. Jinan Bastaki, Associate Professor of Legal Studies, NYUAD.
329. Jo Bluen, London School of Economics, PhD candidate
330. Joel Gordon, Professor of History, University of Arkansas
331. Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Associate Professor, Clark University
332. John Bellamy Foster, Profesor Emeritus, University of Oregon.
333. John Cox, Director, Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Human Rights Studies, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
334. John L. Esposito, Distinguished University Professor, Georgetown University
335. John Reynolds, Associate Professor of International Law, Maynooth University.
336. Jolanda Guardi, Professor, University of Turin
337. Jo-Marie Burt, Associate Professor, George Mason University
338. Jonathan Wheeler, Assistant professor and researcher, National University of Tucumán-CONICET.
339. Jordan Cortesi, PhD student, University of Kansas.
340. Jordana Silverstein, Senior Research Fellow, University of Melbourne
341. Jose Itzigsohn, Professor of Sociology, Brown University
342. Joseph Elsayyid, Yale University
343. Julian Go, Professor, University of Chicago
344. Juliane Hammer, Professor of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
345. Jyotirmaya Sharma, Professor, University of Hyderabad
346. Kaiya Aboagye, Senior Lecturer, University Western Sydney
347. Kalbir Shukra, former senior lecturer now independent researcher.
348. Kareem Rabie, Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago
349. Karen Crawley, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law School
350. Karin Arts, Professor of International Law and Development, International Institute of Social Studies
351. Karma Nabulsi, Professor, University of Oxford
352. Kasia Paprocki, Associate Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science
353. Katherine Gallagher, Center for Constitutional Rights
354. Katherine Natanel, Senior Lecturer in Gender Studies, University of Exeter
355. Katy Kalemkerian, John Abbott College
356. Kaveh Ehsani, Associate Professor, DePaul University- Chicago
357. Ken Fero Assistant Professor Coventry University
358. Kenzie El Bakry, Graduate Social Sciences, University of Düsseldorf
359. Kevin A. Gould, Associate Professor of Geography, Concordia University
360. Kevin Skerrett, Adjunct Research Professor, Institute of Political Economy, Carleton University
361. Khaled Abou El Fadl, Professor, UCLA law School
362. Kiran Asher, Professor and Chair, Department of Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies, UMass Amherst
363. Kirsten Forkert, Professor of Cultural Studies, Birmingham City University.
364. Koen Leurs, Associate Professor, Utrecht University.
365. Kristina Richardson, Professor, University of Virginia.
366. Kurt Schock, Professor, Rutgers University, Newark
367. Laila Farah, Depaul University, Associate Professor
368. Laila Parsons, Professor, McGill University
369. Laila Shereen Sakr, Associate Professor, UC Santa Barbara
370. Laith Aqel, Clinical Lecturer in Law, Yale Law School.
371. Laleh Khalili, Professor, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter
372. Lana Sirri, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Amsterdam.
373. Lara Deeb, Professor of Anthropology, Scripps College
374. Lara Fricke, PhD candidate University of Exeter
375. Lara Khattab, Assistant Professor at Mount Allison University
376. Laura De Vos, Assistant Professor American Studies, Radboud University
377. Laura Fair, Professor, Columbia University
378. Laura Maghețiu, Doctoral Researcher, CLaSP, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL).
379. Laura Rodriguez Castro, Southern Cross University
380. Laurie King, Anthropology, Georgetown University
381. Laurie King, Teaching Professor, Department of Anthropology, Georgetown University
382. Layli Uddin, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London
383. Leena Grover, Associate Professor of International Law, Tilburg University
384. Leila Ullrich, Associate Professor of Criminology, University of Oxford.
385. Lena Alhusseini, Phd Student, California Institute of Integral Studies
386. Leo Spitzer, Professor of History Emeritus, Dartmouth College
387. Leon Sealey-Huggins, Assistant Professor of Global Sustainable Development, University of Warwick
388. Leticia Rovira-Facultad de Humanidades y Artes- Universidad Nacional de Rosario – Argentina
389. Leyla Neyzi, Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
390. Lila Pine, Associate Professor, New Media, Toronto Metropolitan University
391. Liliana Suárez, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
392. Lisa Hajjar, Professor of Sociology, UC Santa Barbara
393. Livia Wick, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.
394. Liyana Kayali, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of Sydney
395. Lori Allen, Reader in Anthropology, SOAS University of London.
396. Lucia Sorbera, Senior Lecturer and Chair Arabic Language and Cultures, The University of Sydney
397. Luigi Daniele, Senior Lecturer in Law, Nottingham Trent University
398. Luis Andueza, Lecturer in International Development, King’s College London
399. Luis Eslava, Professor of International Law, La Trobe University & University of Kent
400. M. Bahati Kuumba, Professor of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman College
401. M. Muhannad Ayyash, Professor of Sociology, Mount Royal University.
402. Macarena Aguiló, Académica Universidad de Chile
403. Madawi Al-Rasheed, Professor, LSE
404. Madeline G. Levine, Kenan Professor of Slavic Literatures Emerita, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
405. Maghraoui Driss, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco.
406. Maha Abdallah, Graduate Teaching Assistant & PhD researcher, Faculty of Law, University of Antwerp.
407. Maha Nassar, Associate Professor, University of Arizona.
408. Maha Shuayb, University of Cambridge and Centre for Lebanese Studies.
409. Maher Hamoud, Associate Scholar, KU Leuven
410. Mahsheed Ansari, Senior Lecturer, Charles Sturt University
411. Mahvish Ahmad, Assistant Professor in Human Rights and Politics, LSE & Co-Director LSE Human Rights.
412. Mairaj Syed, Professor, Religious Studies and Middle East South Asia Studies, University of California, Davis
413. Maisha Prome, PhD Candidate, Yale University
414. Malek Abisaab, Associate Professor McGill University
415. Mandy Turner, professor of conflict, peace and humanitarian affairs, University of Manchester, UK.
416. Marcela Alvarez Pérez, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
417. Marcela Pizarro , Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London
418. Margaux L Kristjansson, Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in Native American and Indigenous Studies, Bard College
419. Maria Bhatti, lecturer, School of Law, Western Sydney University
420. Maria Cristina Paciello, researcher, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice
421. Maria Federica Moscati, Reader in Law and Society, University of Sussex.
422. Maria Haro Sly, Ph.D. Candidate, Johns Hopkins University.
423. Maria LaHood, Deputy Legal Director, Center for Constitutional Rights.
424. Maria Rashid Fellow, Gender Studies Department, London School of Economics.
425. Maria Tzanakopoulou, Lecturer in Law, Birkbeck, University of London
426. Mariam Motamedi Fraser, Reader in Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London
427. Mariana Gkiati, Assistant Professor, Tilburg University
428. Marianne Hirschberg, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Germany.
429. Marieke Potma, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.
430. Marilù Mastrogiovanni, Adjunct professor in Journalism, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
431. Mario Novelli, University of Sussex
432. Marion Kaplan, NYU, Emerita
433. Marios Costa, Senior Lecturer, City, University of London
434. Marjorie Cohn, Founding Dean, People’s Academy of International Law
435. Mark Goodman, Professor, Sociology, York University, Toronto
436. Marnie Holborow, Associate Faculty, Dublin City University
437. Marsha Henry, London School of Economics
438. Marsha Rosengarten, Professor of Sociology, Goldsmiths University of London
439. Marta Giallombardo, PhD candidate, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia.
440. Marwa Daoudy, Associate Professor, Georgetown University
441. Marwa Neji, researcher, Ghent University, Belgium.
442. Mary Ana McGlasson, Director, Centre for Humanitarian Leadership, Deakin University, Melbourne
443. Mary Ellen Davis, part-time faculty, Concordia University, Montréal
444. Marya Farah, Legal Researcher
445. Maryam Aldossari, Associate Professor, Royal Holloway University of London
446. Matt Howard, Lecturer, University of Kent
447. Matteo Capasso, University of Venice, Italy.
448. Matthew Cole, Lecturer in Technology, Work and Employment.
449. Maud Anne Bracke, Professor of modern European history, University of Glasgow UK
450. Maura Finkelstein, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Muhlenberg College
451. Mauricio Amar, Centro de Estudios Árabes Eugenio Chahuan, Universidad de Chile
452. Maja Janmyr, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo
453. Maya Mikdashi, Associate Professor, Rutgers University.
454. Mayur Suresh, Senior Lecturer, SOAS University of London.
455. Mazen Masri, Senior Lecturer in Law, The City Law School, City University of London.
456. Maziar Behrooz, San Francisco State University
457. Meera Sabaratnam, Associate Professor, University of Oxford
458. Mehmet Erken, İstanbul University
459. Mehrdad F. Samadzadeh, University of Toronto
460. Melania Brito Clavijo, PhD candidate; Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
461. Melanie Richter-Montpetit, Senior Lecturer in International Security, Department of International Relations, University of Sussex.
462. Melinda González, Assistant Professor, Georgetown University
463. Micah Khater, Assistant Professor, University of California-Berkeley
464. Michael Daniel Yates, Professor Emeritus, University of Pittsburghersity of Pittsburgh
465. Michael Fakhri, Professor of Law, University of Oregon.
466. Michael Rodríguez-Muñiz, Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley
467. Michael Rothberg, Professor of English, Comparative Literature, and Holocaust Studies, UCLA.
468. Michel Feher, Editor/Publisher, Zone books, NY.
469. Michelle Burgis-Kasthala, Senior Lecturer in Public International Law
470. Michelle Hartman, Professor, McGill University
471. Michiel Bot, Associate Professor, Tilburg Law School.
472. Miguel Valderrama, investigador adjunto Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Diego Portales.
473. Mikki Stelder, Assistant Professor Global Arts and Politics, University of Amsterdam.
474. Minoo Moallem, Professor, UC Berkeley
475. Miriam Ticktin, Professor, CUNY Graduate Center.
476. Miriyam Aouragh, Professor, University of Westminster.
477. Mirjam Twigt, Leiden University
478. Moara Assis Crivelente, Researcher in the Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra
479. Mohamad Arnaout, Associate Professor, Lebanese International University
480. Mohamed Ali, PhD Candidate, Georgetown University
481. Mohamed Mathee, Senior Lecturer, University of Johannesburg.
482. Mohamed Sayed, Associate instructor and PhD candidate at Indiana University
483. Mohamed Wajdi Ben Hammed, Assistant Professor at UC Berkeley
484. Mohammad Ataie, Lecturer, University of Massachusetts Amherst.
485. Mohammad Fakhreddine, Assistant Teaching Professor, Georgetown University
486. Mohammad Shahabuddin, Professor, University of Birmingham
487. Mohammed Abukhdeir. Abukhdeir family President
488. Mohammed Sawaie, Professor, University of Virginia
489. Mohan Rao, former professor at JNU, New Delhi
490. Mohsen al Attar, Reader, Associate Dean, XJTLU
491. Mona Baker, University of Oslo
492. Monisha Das Gupta, University of Hawaiʻi
493. Mridula Mukherjee JNU India Retired Professor
494. Murad Idris, Associate Professor, University of Michigan
495. Myria Georgiou, Professor, LSE
496. Mythri Jegathesan, Associate Professor, Santa Clara University.
497. Nabil Al-Tikriti, Professor, University of Mary Washington
498. Nabil Salih, graduate student at Bard College
499. Nada Elia, Visiting Professor, Western Washington University
500. Nadeem Karkabi, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Haifa
501. Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Lawrence D Biele Chair in Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Global Chair in Law, Queen Mary University of London.
502. Nadia Abu El-Haj, Ann Whitney Olin Professor, Barnard College & Columbia University.
503. Nadia Ahmad, Associate Professor of Law, Barry University; PhD Student, Yale School of the Environment
504. Nadia Guessous, Colorado College
505. Nadia Silhi Chahin, PhD researcher, Law School – University of Edinburgh
506. Nadine El-Enany, Professor of Law, University of Kent.
507. Nadje Al-Ali, Professor of Anthropology and Middle East Studies, Brown University
508. Nahla Abdo, Professor, Carleton University.
509. Naiefa Rashied, Lecturer: School of Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
510. Nalini Mohabir, Associate Professor, Concordia University.
511. Namita Wahi, Senior Fellow, Centre for Policy Research.
512. Nancy Gallagher, professor emerita, UCSB
513. Nandini Chandra, Associate Professor, University of Hawaii at Manoa
514. Naomi Taub, Postdoctoral Fellow, UCLA
515. Naoual El Yattouti, PhD Researcher University of Antwerp
516. Natalie Kouri-Towe, Associate Professor, Concordia University
517. Nathalie Khankan, Continuing Lecturer, UC Berkeley
518. Nathaniel George, Lecturer in Politics of the Middle East, SOAS, University of London
519. Naveed Ahmad Mir. PhD student and GTA, Kent Law School.
520. Naveeda Khan, Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins University
521. Nazia Kazi, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Stockton University.
522. Nesrine Badawi, Associate Professor, The American University in Cairo
523. Niall Meehan, Head, Journalism & Media Faculty, Griffith College, Dublin (retired)
524. Niamh Rooney, Assistant Lecturer, Dept. of International Development, Maynooth University
525. Nichola Khan. Professor, University of Edinburgh
526. Nicola Perugini, Associate Professor, University of Edinburgh.
527. Nicola Pratt, Professor of the International Politics of the Middle East, University of Warwick
528. Nicola Soekoe, Counsel, Pan African Bar Association of South Africa (PABASA).
529. Nicole Beardsworth, Wits University
530. Nicole Ranganath, Assistant Professor, UC Davis
531. Nicos Trimikliniotis, Professor, University of Nicosia.
532. Nida Kirmani, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences
533. Nikhita Mendis, Anthropology PhD Student, University of Chicago
534. Nimer Sultany, Reader in Public Law, SOAS University of London.
535. Nimet Cebeci, PhD Candidate, Harvard University
536. Nina Eliasoph, University of Southern California
537. Nina Farnia, Assistant Professor, Albany Law School
538. Nisha Kapoor, Associate Professor, University of Warwick
539. Nivi Manchanda, Reader in International Politics Queen Mary University of London
540. Noah Salomon, Associate Professor, University of Virginia
541. Noam Peleg, Senior Lecturer,
542. Noor Gieles, MD & PhD student, Amsterdam UMC.
543. Nora E.H. Parr, Research Fellow, University of Birmingham
544. Norma Rantisi, Concordia University.
545. Nour El Kadri, Professor, University of Ottawa
546. Noura Erakat, Associate Professor, Rutgers University, New Brunswick.
547. Noura Nasser, PhD student, LSE.
548. Noureddine Jebnoun, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University
549. Ntina Tzouvala, Associate Professor ANU College of Law.
550. Nusrat S Chowdhury, Associate Professor, Amherst College
551. Olga Grau, Universidad de Chile
552. Olga Touloumi, Associate Professor, Bard College
553. Oludamini Ogunnaike, University of Virginia
554. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Georgetown University
555. Omar Al-Ghazzi, Associate Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science
556. Omar Farahat, Associate Professor, McGill University
557. Omar Jabary Salamanca, Postdoc Fellow, Université libre de Bruxelles.
558. Omer Bartov, Samuel Pisar Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Department of History; Faculty Fellow, Watson Institute for International & Public Affairs, Brown University.
559. Omid Safi, Professor, Duke University
560. Omnia El Shakry, Professor of History, Yale University
561. Omr Kassem, University of Chicago
562. Osama Siddique. Inaugural Henry J. Steiner Professor of Human Rights. Harvard law School.
563. Osman Bakar, Professor of Islamic Thought, International Islamic University Malaysia
564. Othman Belkebir, Ph.D researcher, Geneva Graduate Institute.
565. Ozlem Biner Senior Lecturer in Anthropology, SOAS
566. Pablo Oyarzun R., Universidad de Chile.
567. Paola Rivetti, Associate Professor, Dublin City University
568. Paola Zichi, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Warwick Law School
569. Patricia Sampedro, postgraduate student in International Development at the University of Oxford
570. Patrick Shi Timmer, Postgraduate Student, King’s College London.
571. Paul Michael Garrett, PhD, D. Lit, MRIA, University of Galway
572. Paula Chakravartty, James Weldon Johnson Associate Professor of Media Studies, NYU
573. Pauline Martini, Doctoral researcher, Queen Mary University of London.
574. Pete W. Moore, Associate Professor, Case Western Reserve University
575. Peter Drury, Kent Law School, PhD Student.
576. Peter Hallward, Professor of Philosophy, Kingston University UK
577. Pietro Masina, professor, University of Naples L’Orientale.
578. Pınar Kemerli, Assistant Professor, Bard College
579. Polly Withers, Leverhulme ECF, LSE
580. Pooja Rangan, Associate Professor of English in Film and Media Studies, Amherst College
581. Popy Begum, Saint Louis University.
582. R. Brian Ferguson, Rutgers University-Newark
583. Rabea Eghbariah, SJD Candidate, Harvard Law School.
584. Rachad Antonius, retired full professor, Université du Québec à Montréal
585. Rahima Siddique, Phd Student, University of Manchester.
586. Rahul Rao, Reader, University of St Andrews
587. Rami G Khouri, American University of Beirut.
588. Ran Zwigenberg, Associate Professor of Asian Studies, History, and Jewish Studies, Pennsylvania State University.
589. Rana Kazkaz, Associate Professor, Northwestern University Qatar
590. Randa M. Wahbe; PhD student; Harvard University
591. Randa Tawil, Texas Christian University
592. Raphael Salkie, Emeritus Professor of Language Studies, University of Brighton
593. Rasha Bayoumi, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Birmingham
594. Rashid Yahiaoui, Assistant Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar.
595. Ratna Kapur, Professor, Queen Mary University of London
596. Raz Segal, Associate Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Stockton University.
597. Razan AlSalah, Concordia University.
598. Rebecca Ruth Gould, Professor, SOAS University of London.
599. Reem Abou-El-Fadl, Senior Lecturer in Comparative Politics of the Middle East, SOAS University of London
600. Reem Al-Botmeh, Lecturer, Institute of Law, Birzeit University
601. Reem Awny Abuzaid, PhD candidate, University of Warwick
602. Renate Bridenthal, The City University of New York
603. Renisa Mawani, Professor, Sociology, University of British Columbia.
604. Reuven Pinnata, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Washington.
605. Rhys Machold, Senior Lecturer, University of Glasgow
606. Ricarda Hammer, Assistant Professor, UC Berkeley
607. Richard Clements, Assistant Professor, Tilburg Law School
608. Richard Falk, Professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University.
609. Richard Marcuse, Anthropology, formerly University of Victoria
610. Richard Wild, Principal Lecturer in Criminology, University of Greenwich
611. Rita Sakr, Maynooth University
612. Robert Crews, Professor of History, Stanford University
613. Roberto Filippello, Assistant Professor at University of Amsterd.
614. Rochelle Davis, Sultanate of Oman Associate Professor, Georgetown University
615. Rodante van der Waal, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.
616. Rodrigo C. Bulamah, Professor, State University of Rio de Janeiro
617. Roger Heacock, Professor of history emeritus , Birzeit University, Palestine
618. Rohini Sen, School of Law, University of Warwick.
619. Ronak Kapadia, Associate Professor, University of Illinois Chicago
620. Ronit Lentin, Retired Associate Professor of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin
621. Rose Parfitt, Senior Lecturer in International Law, University of Kent.
622. Rosemarie Buikema , professor of art, culture and diversity
623. Roxana Pessoa Cavalcanti, University of Brighton
624. Roxana Pey, académica Universidad de Chile.
625. Ruba Salih, Professor, Università di Bologna.
626. Ruth Fletcher, Reader in Law, Queen Mary University of London
627. S. Hasan Mahmud, retired professor Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
628. S. Sayyid, Professor of Decolonial Thought and Social Theory, University of Leeds.
629. S. Yaser Mirdamadi Researcher and lecturere at the Institute of Ismaʼili Studies, London.
630. Saada Hammad, part time instructor, Holt Spirit University of Kaslik.
631. Saadat Umar Pirzada, Assistant Lecturer, PhD Candidate, Kent Law School.
632. Sabreena Ghaffar-Siddiqui Sheridan College
633. Sacide Ataş, Ph.D. Candidate, Istanbul Medeniyet University
634. Sadiyya Haffejee, Associate Professor, University of Johannesburg.
635. Sa’ed Atshan, Associate Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies and Anthropology, Swarthmore College
636. Sai Englert, Lecturer, Leiden University.
637. Salem Abdellatif Al-Shawafi, Professor of Philosophy, Community College Qatar.
638. Samer Abdelnour, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh.
639. Samer Jabbour, Researcher, Syrian Center for Policy Studies.
640. Sami Hermez, Director of Liberal Arts Program and Associate professor of Anthropology, Northwestern University in Qatar
641. Samia Bano, SOAS, University of London.
642. Samia Henni, Cornell University
643. Sandro Mezzadra, Professor, University of Bologna
644. Santiago Alberto Vargas Niño, Lecturer in IH(R)L and ICL, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
645. Santosh Anand, Assistant Lecturer, Kent Law School, University of Kent
646. Santosh Mehrotra, Visiting Professor, institute for Policy Research, University of Bath
647. Sara Alsaraf, University of Birmingham, UK, PhD Student
648. Sara Chaudhry, Senior Lecturer, Birkbeck
649. Sara Dehm, Senior Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney
650. Sara Elbrolosy, Georgetown University.
651. Sara Matthews, Associate Professor of Culture and Conflict, Global Studies and Communication Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University
652. Sara Pursley, Associate Professor, New York University
653. Sara Razai , Lecturer, University of Westminster.
654. Sarah Bracke, Professor, University of Amsterdam.
655. Sarah El-Kazaz, Senior Lecturer, SOAS, University of London
656. Sarah Ghabrial, Assoc. Prof, Concordia University (Montreal)
657. Sarah Ihmoud, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, The College of the Holy Cross.
658. Sarah Irving, Lecturer in History, Staffordshire University
659. Sarah Keenan, Reader in Law, Birkbeck College, University of London
660. Sarah Lamble, Reader in Criminology, Birkbeck, University of London
661. Sarah Phillips, Professor of Global Conflict and Development, The University of Sydney
662. Sarah Raymundo , Assistant Professor, Center for International Studies University of the Philippines Diliman
663. Sasan Fayazmanesh, Professor Emeritus of Economics, California State University, Fresno
664. Scheherazade Bloul, PhD, Deakin University
665. Scott Newton, Professor of Laws of Central Asia, SOAS University of London
666. Sean Lee, Assistant Professor of Political Science, American University in Cairo
667. Sean T. Mitchell, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Rutgers University-Newark
668. Sebastián Link, PhD student, Johns Hopkins University.
669. Selim Can Bilgin, Partner at Kabine Law
670. Shabbir Agha Abbas, PhD Candidate, University of Arizona
671. Shabnam Holliday, University of Plymouth
672. Shahd Hammouri, University of Kent.
673. Shakuntala Banaji, Professor, LSE
674. Sharika Thiranagama, Associate Professor, Stanford University Dept. of Anthropology.
675. Sharmila Parmanand, Assistant Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science.
676. Sheer Ganor, History, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
677. Shehnaz Abdeljaber, University of Pennsylavania
678. Sherene Seikaly, UCSB
679. Shirin Saeidi, University of Arkansas
680. Shohini Sengupta, Associate Professor, O.P. Jindal Global University, India
681. Siddhartha Deb, Associate Professor, The New School
682. Siggie Vertommen, Assistant Professor at University of Amsterdam.
683. Sigrid Schmalzer, Professor of History, University of Masschusetts Amherst
684. Silvia Groaz, Professor of Architecture History, ENSA Paris-Est
685. Silvia Posocco, Reader in Social Anthropology, Birkbeck, University of London
686. Simidele Dosekun, Assistant Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science
687. Simon McKenzie, Lecturer, Griffith Law School
688. Simone Sibilio, Associate Professor, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice
689. Sinéad Mercier, PhD Researcher (international law), University College Dublin
690. Sinead Ring, Lecturer School of Law and Criminology Maynooth University
691. Siobhán Wills, Director of the Transitional Justice Institute, Ulster University
692. Sivamohan Valluvan, Associate Professor, University of Warwick
693. Sladjana Lazic, Assistant Professor, University of Innsbruck.
694. Sneha Annavarapu, Yale-NUS college
695. Sophia Brown, postdoctoral researcher, Freie Universität Berlin
696. Sophia Stamatopoulou-Robbins, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Bard College
697. Sophie Richter-Devroe, Associate Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University
698. Souheir Edelbi, Lecturer, School of Law, Western Sydney University
699. Stefan Kipfer, York University
700. Stephanie Deig, PhD Candidate, University of Lucerne
701. Steven Alan Carr, Director, Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Purdue University Fort Wayne (affiliation for identification purposes only).
702. Steven I. Levine, Research Faculty Associate, Dept. of History, University of Montana, USA
703. Sujith Xavier, Associate Professor & Associate Dean, Research and Graduate Studies.
704. Sultan Doughan, Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London.
705. Sumathy Sivamohan, Professor, University of Peradeniya.
706. Sumayya Kassamali, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto
707. Sumedha Choudhury, PhD candidate, Melbourne Law School
708. Sumi Madhok, London School of Economics.
709. Sune Haugbolle, Professor, Roskilde University
710. Surabhi Ranganathan, Professor of International Law; Director of Postgraduate Education, University of Cambridge
711. Suraya Khan, Assistant Professor, San Antonio College
712. Susan M. Akram, Clinical Professor, Boston University School of Law
713. Susan Power, Head of Legal Research and Advocacy, Al-Haq
714. Susanne Wessendorf, Professor of Social Anthropology, Coventry University
715. Suzana Rahde Gerchmann, PhD candidate and GTA at City, University of London.
716. Swati Chattopadhyay, Professor, University of California, Santa Barbara
717. Sydney Chuen, Georgetown University.
718. Syed Muhammad Omar, PhD Research, University of Kansas
719. Syeda Masood, Phd candidate, Brown University
720. Talal Asad, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, City University of New York
721. Tamanisha J. John, Assistant Professor at York University
722. Tamsin Phillipa Paige, Senior Lecturer, Deakin Law School
723. Taner Akcam, Director of Armenian Genocide Research Program at Promise Armenian Institute, UCLA.
724. Tani Barlow, Professor of History, Rice University
725. Tania Saeed, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Pakistan
726. Tanya Serisier, Reader in Feminist Theory and Criminology, Birkbeck, University of London
727. Tanzil Chowdhury, Associate Professor of Public Law, Queen Mary University of London
728. Tarik Nejat Dinc, Visiting Assistant Professor, Reed College
729. Tariq Khan, Associate Professor, Govt College Township Lahore.
730. Tasniem Anwar, Assistant Professor, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
731. Tendayi Achiume, Professor of Law UCLA School of Law
732. Teresa Almeida Cravo, Associate Professor, University of Coimbra, Portugal
733. Terri Ginsberg, Faculty, City University of New York
734. Thalia Kruger, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Antwerp
735. Thomas Blom Hansen, Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University.
736. Thomas Cowan, University of Nottingham
737. Thomas Earl Porter, Professor of Russian, Modern European and Genocide Studies, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University
738. Tim Lindgren, Postdoctoral Fellow at Amsterdam Law School, University of Amsterdam.
739. Tim Lindgren, Postdoctoral Fellow in International Law at Amsterdam Law School, University of Amsterdam
740. Timothy Mitchell, Professor, Columbia University
741. Tom Frost, Senior Lecturer, Kent Law School.
742. Tom Pettinger, Research Fellow, University of Warwick
743. Tor Krever, Assistant Professor in International Law, University of Cambridge
744. Tori Fleming, Doctoral Student, York University
745. Traek Z. Ismail, CUNY School of Law
746. Trevor Lies, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Kansas.
747. Trevor Ngwane, Senior Lecturer, University of Johannesburg
748. Triestino Mariniello, LJMU
749. Ubeydullah Ademi, PhD Student, Northwestern University
750. Umair Pervez, Instructor University of Calgary
751. Usha Natarajan, LPE Faculty Fellow, Yale Law School
752. Valentina Zagaria, Research Associate, Anthropology Department, University of Manchester
753. Valerie Forman, Associate professor, New York University
754. Van Aken Mauro University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
755. Vanessa Ramos, Asociación Americana de Juristas, President
756. Vasiliki Touhouliotis, Adjunct Faculty and Independent Scholar, Portland State University
757. Vasken Markarian, PhD, University of Texas at Austin
758. Vasuki Nesiah, Professor of Practice in Human Rights and International Law, The Gallatin School, NYU.
759. Victoria Sanford, PhD, Lehman Professor of Excellence, Lehman College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York.
760. Victoria Veguilla del Moral, Pablo de Olvide University
761. Vida Samiian, Professor & Dean Emerita, CSU Fresno
762. Vidya Kumar, Senior Lecturer in Law, SOAS, University of London
763. Vikki Bell, Professor of Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London
764. Vivan, Itala, Professor, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
765. Wade McMullen, international human rights lawyer, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights
766. Wail S. Hassan, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
767. Walaa Alqaisiya, University of Venice-Italy.
768. Waqas Tufail, Reader in Criminology, Leeds Beckett University
769. Waseem Yaqoob, Lecturer, History of Political Thought
770. Wassim Naboulsi, Research Associate in IR, University of Sussex.
771. Wendy Brown, Professor, Institute for Advanced Study.
772. Wendy DeSouza, Adjunct Professor in Women and Gender Studies, Sonoma State University
773. Wendy Gifford, Professor, University of Ottawa
774. Wendy Pearlman, Professof Political Science, Northwestern University.
775. William I Robinson, Distinguished Professor of Sociology, University of California at Santa Barbara
776. William Mazzarella, Neukom Family Professor of Anthropology, University of Chicago
777. Yaseen Noorani, Associate Professor, University of Arizona
778. Yaser Amouri, PhD, Public International Law, Birzeit University, Palestine
779. Yasmeen Azam, graduate student, UC Berkeley
780. Yasmeen Hanoosh, Professor, Portland State University
781. Yasmine Kherfi, PhD Student, LSE
782. Yasmine Nahlawi, Legal Consultant.
783. Yolande Jansen, Professor, University of Amsterdam
784. Yosefa Loshitzky, Professor, University of London, UK
785. Yusuf Ahmed, Tutor, SOAS.
786. Zahra Ali, Assistant Professor at Rutgers University-Newark.
787. Zahra Moloo, PhD candidate, Human Geography, University of Toronto
788. Zakia Salime, Associate Professor, Rutgers
789. Zeina Jamal, PhD, Queen Margaret University
790. Zoé Samudzi, Visiting Assistant Professor, Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University
791. Zoha Waseem, University of WarwickZoya Hasan, Professor Emerita, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

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Opinio Juris was the world’s first blog dedicated to the informed discussion of international law by and among academics, practitioners and legal experts founded in 2005 by three legal scholars: Chris Borgen (St. John’s University); Peggy McGuinness (St. John’s University); and Julian Ku (Hofstra). Kevin Jon Heller (University of Copenhagen/ANU) joined the following year. The contributors aim to describe and analyse international law where it is most controversial and ambiguous. In partnership with the International Commission of Jurists, founded in 1952. (More…)

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