This Week in History
HISTORY, 23 Mar 2015
Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service
March 23–29
Quote of the Week:
MARCH 23
2003 Battle of Nasiriyah, first major conflict during the invasion of Iraq.
1996 Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses Lee Teng-hui as President.
1991 The Revolutionary United Front, with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor‘s National Patriotic Front of Liberia, invades Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow Joseph Saidu Momoh, sparking a gruesome 11-year Sierra Leone Civil War.
1989 Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann announce their discovery of cold fusion at the University of Utah.
1985 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
1983 Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.
“In a nationally televised speech, President Ronald Reagan expressed the desire to “make nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete” by committing the U.S. to develop a national missile defense system based on the ground and in outer space. Media critics derisively referred to the plan as “Star Wars” and hundreds of billions of dollars were spent on attempts to deploy modest theater and national missile defenses in the coming decades. In 2001, President George W. Bush withdrew from the 1972 ABM Treaty with Moscow signaling a new destabilizing, uncertain strategic defensive arms race that continues today. (Source: Bradley Graham. “Hit to Kill: The New Battle Over Shielding America From Missile Attack.” New York: Public Affairs, 2001.)” Quoted from http://www.wagingpeace.org/march-this-month-in-nuclear-threat-history/.
1982 Guatemala‘s government, headed by Fernando Romeo Lucas García is overthrown in a military coup by right-wing General Efraín Ríos Montt.
1980 France performs nuclear test.
1980 Archbishop Óscar Romero of El Salvador gives his famous speech appealing to men of the El Salvadoran armed forces to stop killing the Salvadorans. The next day, on 24 March 1980, he was shot to death.
1978 The first UNIFIL troops arrived in Lebanon for peacekeeping mission along the Blue Line.
1977 All 12 of the Nixon Interviews are recorded with British journalist David Frost interviewing former President of the United States Richard Nixon about the Watergate scandal and the Nixon tapes.
1971 USSR performs underground nuclear test.
1970 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
1965 The first issue of The Vigilant, an English newspaper, is published from Khartoum.
1964 UNCTAD 1 world conference opens in Geneva.
– For history of UNCTAD, visit http://unctad.org/en/Pages/About%20UNCTAD/A-Brief-History-of-UNCTAD.aspx.
– For UNCTAD in general, visit, for instance, http://unctad.org/en/Pages/Home.aspx;_and_http://www.unctadxi.org/templates/Page____470.aspx; _and/or_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development.
1956 Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic in the world. (Republic Day in Pakistan)
1942 World War II: In the Indian Ocean, Japanese forces capture the Andaman Islands.
1940 The Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or the then Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the All India Muslim League.
1939 The Hungarian air force attacks the headquarters of Slovak air force in the city of Spišská Nová Ves, kills 13 people and began the Slovak–Hungarian War.
1935 Signing of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
– For the Commonwealth of the Philippines, visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines.
1933 The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act of 1933, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.
– For lessons from Reichstag, in particular in the contemporary world, visit, for instance, http://www.toponline.org/lessons/middle/edwards_web_lesson.pdf .
1931 Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for murder during the Indian struggle for independence.
1919 In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.
1918 First World War: On the third day of the German Spring Offensive, the 10th Battalion of the Royal West Kent Regiment is annihilated with many of the men becoming Prisoners of war.
1908 American diplomat Durham Stevens is attacked by Korean assassins Jeon Myeong-un and Jang In-hwan, leading to his death in a hospital two days later.
1905 Eleftherios Venizelos calls for Crete‘s union with Greece, and begins what is to be known as the Theriso revolt.
1901 Emilio Aguinaldo, only President of the First Philippine Republic, was captured at Palanan, Isabela by forces of General Frederick Funston.
1889 The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, India.
1885 Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Phu Lam Tao near Hung Hoa, northern Vietnam.
1879 War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru.
1862 The First Battle of Kernstown, Virginia, marks the start of Stonewall Jackson’s Valley Campaign. Though a Confederate defeat, the engagement distracts Federal efforts to capture Richmond.
1848 The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded.
1841 The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded.
1821 Greek War of Independence: Battle and fall of city of Kalamata.
MARCH 24
2008 Bhutan officially becomes a democracy, with its first ever general election.
– For Bhutanese democracy, visit, for instance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanese_democracy ;_ http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/RP24-Marian-Bhutan.pdf ;_ http://theviewspaper.net/democracy-in-bhutan/ ;_and/or_ http://www.theglobalist.com/bhutan-the-worlds-youngest-democracy/.
2003 The Arab League votes 21–1 in favor of a resolution demanding the immediate and unconditional removal of U.S. and British soldiers from Iraq.
1999 Kosovo War: NATO commences aerial bombardment against Yugoslavia, marking the first time NATO has attacked a sovereign country.
– Visit http://lamar.colostate.edu/~grjan/kosovohistory.html ;_ http://www.historytoday.com/robert-bideleux/kosovos-conflict ;_ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kosovo/etc/cron.html ;_ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Yugoslav_Wars#War_crimes ;_and/or_ http://www.chomsky.info/articles/200005–.htm.
1998 Jonesboro massacre: Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden, aged 11 and 13 respectively, fire upon teachers and students at Westside Middle School in Jonesboro, Arkansas; five people are killed and ten are wounded.
1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: In Prince William Sound in Alaska, the Exxon Valdez spills 240,000 barrels (38,000 m3) of petroleum after running aground.
– Visit, for instance, http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152720/ ;_ http://www2.epa.gov/emergency-response/exxon-valdez-spill-profile ;_ and/or _ http://archive.orr.noaa.gov/topic_subtopic_entry.php?RECORD_KEY%28entry_subtopic_topic%29=entry_id,subtopic_id,topic_id&entry_id%28entry_subtopic_topic%29=700&subtopic_id%28entry_subtopic_topic%29=2&topic_id%28entry_subtopic_topic%29=1.
1986 The Loscoe gas explosion leads to new UK laws on landfill gas migration and gas protection on landfill sites.
1980 Archbishop Óscar Romero is killed while celebrating Mass in San Salvador. – Visit, for instance, http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2010/03/23/the-death-and-life-of-oscar-romero ;_ http://www.marxist.com/el-salvador-assasination-of-archbishop-romero.htm ;_ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/04/who-was-oscar-romero_n_6615816.html ;_ and/or _ http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2000/mar/23/features11.g21 . See the event on 23 March 1980, regarding Archbishop Romero.
1976 In Argentina, the armed forces overthrow the constitutional government of President Isabel Perón and start a 7-year dictatorial period self-styled the National Reorganization Process. Since 2006, a public holiday known as Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice is held on this day.
1972 The United Kingdom imposes direct rule over Northern Ireland.
– Visit, for instance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations ;_ http://www.infoplease.com/spot/northireland1.html ;_ and_ http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/unitedkingdom/northernireland/index.html.
1959 The Party of the African Federation is launched by Léopold Sédar Senghor and Modibo Keïta.
1953 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
1946 The British Cabinet Mission, consisting of Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps and A. V. Alexander, arrives in India to discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership.
1944 World War II: In an event later dramatized in the movie The Great Escape, 76 Allied prisoners of war begin breaking out of the German camp Stalag Luft III.
1944 Ardeatine massacre: German troops murder 335 Italian civilians in Rome.
1934 United States Congress passes the Tydings–McDuffie Act, allowing the Philippines to become a self-governing commonwealth.
1927 Nanking Incident: Foreign warships bombard Nanjing, China, in defense of the foreign citizens within the city.
1922 Irish War of Independence: In Belfast, Northern Irish policemen break into the home of a Catholic family and shoot all eight males inside.
1896 A. S. Popov makes the first radio signal transmission in history.
1885 Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Bang Bo on the Tonkin–Guangxi border.
1882 Robert Koch announces the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis.
1869 The last of Titokowaru‘s forces surrendered to the New Zealand government, ending his uprising.
1832 In Hiram, Ohio, a group of men beat and tar and feather Mormon leader Joseph Smith.
MARCH 25
2006 Protesters demanding a new election in Belarus, following the rigged Belarusian presidential election, 2006, clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin is among several protesters arrested.
1996 The European Union‘s Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy).
1993 Warrington Bomb victim Tim Parry dies five days after an IRA bomb detonated in Warrington, Cheshire on 20 March 1993 in the second of the Warrington bomb attacks.
1988 The Candle demonstration in Bratislava is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia.
1975 Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a mentally ill nephew.
1971 The Army of the Republic of Vietnam abandon an attempt to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos.
1971 Bangladesh Liberation War: Beginning of Operation Searchlight by the Pakistani Armed Forces against East Pakistani civilians.
1967 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.
1965 Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr. successfully complete their 4-day 50-mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.
1957 The European Economic Community is established with West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg as the first members.
1949 The extensive deportation campaign known as March deportation is conducted in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to force collectivisation by way of terror. The Soviet authorities deport more than 92,000 people from the Baltics to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
1941 The Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers with the signing of the Tripartite Pact.
1924 On the anniversary of Greek Independence, Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaims the Second Hellenic Republic.
1918 The Belarusian People’s Republic is established.
1917 The Georgian Orthodox Church restores its autocephaly abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811.
1821 (Julian Calendar) Traditional date of the start of the Greek War of Independence. The war had actually begun on 23 February 1821. The date was chosen in the early years of the Greek state so that it falls on the day of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, strengthening the ties between the Greek Orthodox Church and the newly founded state.
1807 The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.
1802 The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a “Definitive Treaty of Peace” between France and the United Kingdom.
MARCH 26
2005 The Taiwanese government calls on one million Taiwanese to demonstrate in Taipei, in opposition to the Anti-Secession Law of the People’s Republic of China. Around 200,000 to 300,000 attend the demonstration.
1998 Oued Bouaicha massacre in Algeria: Fifty-two people are killed with axes and knives, 32 of them babies under the age of two.
1995 The Schengen Treaty comes into effect.
1991 Local self-government is restored after three decades of centralized control in South Korea.
1991 Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay sign the Treaty of Asunción, establishing Mercosur, the South Common Market.
1982 A groundbreaking ceremony for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is held in Washington, D.C.
1979 Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin and Jimmy Carter sign the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty in Washington, D.C..
1975 The Biological Weapons Convention comes into force. For full text, visit http://www.opbw.org/convention/conv.html.
1971 East Pakistan declares its independence from Pakistan to form the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Liberation War begins.
1967 Ten thousand people gather for one of many Central Park be-ins in New York City.
– Visit, for instance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War ;_ http://www.vvaw.org/ ;_ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Against_the_War ;_ http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-protests ;_ and/or _ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_Vietnam_War.
1958 The African Regroupment Party is launched at a meeting in Paris.
1945 World War II: The Battle of Iwo Jima ends as the island is officially secured by American forces.
1942 World War II: The first female prisoners arrive at Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland.
1939 Spanish Civil War: Nationalists begin their final offensive of the war.
1934 The driving test is introduced in the United Kingdom.
1931 Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union is founded in Vietnam.
1931 SwissAir is founded as the national airline of Switzerland.
1922 The German Social Democratic Party is founded in Poland.
1917 World War I: First Battle of Gaza – British troops are halted after 17,000 Turks block their advance.
1913 Balkan War: Bulgarian forces capture Adrianople.
1881 Thessaly is freed and becomes part of Greece again.
1830 The Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York.
MARCH 27
2014 UN General Assembly condemns Russia’s annexation of Crimea.
– Visit, for instance, https://varldsinbordeskriget.wordpress.com/2014/03/28/un-general-assembly-overwhelmingly-condemns-russian-annexation-of-ukraines-crimea/ ;_ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/27/un-resolution-russia-crimea_n_5043126.html ;_ http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/un-general-assembly-overwhelmingly-condemns-russian-annexation-of-ukraines-crimea-341142.html ;_ and/or_ http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/ga11493.doc.htm.
2002 Passover massacre: A Palestinian suicide bomber kills 29 people partaking of the Passover meal in Netanya, Israel.
1993 Italian former minister and Christian Democracy leader Giulio Andreotti is accused of mafia allegiance by the tribunal of Palermo.
1993 Jiang Zemin is appointed President of the People’s Republic of China.
1981 The Solidarity movement in Poland stages a warning strike, in which at least 12 million Poles walk off their jobs for four hours.
1970 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.
1958 Nikita Khrushchev becomes Premier of the Soviet Union.
1948 The Second Congress of the Workers’ Party of Korea, the founding and ruling political party of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea), is convened.
1945 World War II: Operation Starvation, the aerial mining of Japan’s ports and waterways begins. Argentina declares war on the Axis Powers.
1944 1,000 Jews leave Drancy, France, for Auschwitz concentration camp.
– Visit, for instance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_deportations_of_French_Jews_to_death_camps ;_ http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005215 ;_ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drancy_internment_camp ;_ http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/france/vel_dhiv_roundup.asp ;_ and/or http://www.deathcamps.org/reinhard/deportfrance.html.
1943 World War II: Battle of the Komandorski Islands – In the Aleutian Islands the battle begins when United States Navy forces intercept Japanese attempting to reinforce a garrison at Kiska.
1941 World War II: Yugoslavian Air Force officers topple the pro-Axis government in a bloodless coup.
1938 Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Taierzhuang begins, resulting several weeks later in the war’s first major Chinese victory over Japan.
1918 Bessarabia, a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west, is ceded to the Kingdom of Romania.
1886 Famous Apache warrior, Geronimo, surrenders to the U.S. Army, ending the main phase of the Apache Wars.
1836 Texas Revolution: Goliad massacre – On the orders of General Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Mexican army butchers 342 Texas POWs at Goliad, Texas.
1814 War of 1812: In central Alabama, U.S. forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
1809 Peninsular War: A combined Franco–Polish force defeats the Spanish in the Battle of Ciudad-Real.
1794 Denmark and Sweden form a neutrality compact.
1794 The United States Government establishes a permanent navy and authorizes the building of six frigates.
MARCH 28
2014 Russia increases the price of gas to the Ukraine by 80%.
– Visit, for instance, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/28/ukraine-crisis-economy-idUSL5N0MP1VL20140328 ;_ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes ;_ and _ http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/24/world/europe/russia-steps-up-economic-pressure-on-kiev.html?_r=0.
2013 Banks in Cyprus re-open after having been closed for two weeks; the government agrees a 10 billion euro bailout deal with the EU and IMF.
– Visit, for instance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Cypriot_financial_crisis ;_ http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/01/business/global/calculating-impact-of-cypruss-bank-bailout.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 ;_ http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/18/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cyprus-bailout-in-one-faq-2/ http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/18/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cyprus-bailout-in-one-faq-2/ ; _ and/or http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/31/bank-of-cyprus-big-depositors_n_2988648.html.
2006 At least one million union members, students, and unemployed take to the streets in France in protest at the government’s proposed First Employment Contract law.
2005 The 2005 Sumatra earthquake rocks Indonesia, and at magnitude 8.7 is the fourth strongest earthquake since 1965.
1999 Kosovo War: Serb paramilitary and military forces kill 146 Kosovo Albanians in the Izbica massacre.
1994 In South Africa, Zulus and African National Congress supporters battle in central Johannesburg, resulting in 18 deaths.
1979 A coolant leak at the Three Mile Island‘s Unit 2 nuclear reactor outside Harrisburg, Pennsylvania leads to the core overheating and a partial meltdown.
– Visit, for instance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident ;_ http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/3mile-isle.html ;_ and http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/29/us/three-mile-island-and-nuclear-hopes-and-fears.html.
1972 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.
1970 Gediz earthquake: A 7.2 magnitude earthquake strikes western Turkey at about 23:05 local time, killed 1,086 and injured 1,260.
1969 The McGill français movement protest occurs, the second largest protest in Montreal’s history with 10,000 trade unionists, leftist activists, college students, and some McGill students at McGill’s Roddick Gates. The majority of the protesters are arrested.
1962 Military coup in Syria, President Nazim al-Kudsi flees. For President Nazim al-Kudsi, visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazim_al-Kudsi.
– For the Military coup in Syria on 8 March 1963, visit, for instance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat.
1959 The State Council of the People’s Republic of China dissolves the Government of Tibet.
1951 First Indochina War: In the Battle of Mao Khe, French Union forces, led by World War II hero Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, inflict a defeat on Việt Minh forces commanded by General Võ Nguyên Giáp.
1946 Cold War: The United States State Department releases the Acheson–Lilienthal Report, outlining a plan for the international control of nuclear power.
1942 World War II: St Nazaire Raid: In occupied France, British naval forces successfully raid the German-occupied port of St. Nazaire.
1941 World War II: Battle of Cape Matapan – in the Mediterranean Sea, British Admiral Andrew Browne Cunningham leads the Royal Navy in the destruction of three major Italian heavy cruisers and two destroyers.
1939 Spanish Civil War: Generalissimo Francisco Franco conquers Madrid after a three-year siege.
1930 Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara.
1913 Guatemala becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
1883 Tonkin Campaign: French victory in the Battle of Gia Cuc.
1871 The Paris Commune is formally established in Paris.
1860 First Taranaki War: The Battle of Waireka begins.
“The First Taranaki War was an armed conflict over land ownership and sovereignty that took place between Māori and the New Zealand Government in the Taranaki district of New Zealand’s North Island from March 1860 to March 1861.” (Quoted from First Taranaki War.)
– Visit, for instance, http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/keyword/waireka ;_ http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Gov10_02Rail-t1-body-d5-d3.html ;_ and/or_ http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cow01NewZ-c19.html.
1854 Crimean War: France and Britain declare war on Russia.
MARCH 29
2014 The first same-sex marriages in England and Wales are performed.
– For same sex marriages, visit, for instance, http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/same_sex_marriage/index.html ;_ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mark-baer/the-same-sex-marriage-debate_b_5800482.html ;_ http://www.debate.org/gay-marriage/ ;_ http://www.nas.org/articles/Debating_Same-Sex_Marriage ;_ and _ http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/22/us/among-the-navajos-a-renewed-debate-about-gay-marriage.html?_r=0.
2010 Two female suicide bombers hit the Moscow Metro system at the peak of the morning rush hour, killing 40.
2004 The Republic of Ireland becomes the first country in the world to ban smoking in all work places, including bars and restaurants.
2004 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia join NATO as full members.
– For NATO’s role in the Post-Cold War Era, visit, for instance, https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/natousis.htm ;_ http://www.nato.int/docu/articles/1998/a980508a.htm ;_ http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/E-N/North-Atlantic-Treaty-Organization-Nato-and-the-post-cold-war-world.html ;_ and/or _ http://getpapersnow.com/essays/NATO-IN-POST-COLD-WAR-ERA-.html.
– For NATO and military industrial complex or pertinent issues, visit, for instance, http://www.pana.ie/articles/nato_and-military-idustrial-complex-rae_street.html ;_ http://stopmakingsense.org/2015/02/07/the-triumph-of-the-military-industrial-congressional-complex/ ;_ http://againstbombing.org/micomplex.htm ;_ http://stanvanhoucke.blogspot.com/2012/07/natos-military-industrial-complex.html.
2002 In reaction to the Passover massacre two days prior, Israel launches Operation Defensive Shield against Palestinian militants, its largest military operation in the West Bank since the 1967 Six-Day War.
1993 Catherine Callbeck becomes premier of Prince Edward Island and the first woman to be elected in a general election as premier of a Canadian province.
1984 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.
1981 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.
1973 Operation Barrel Roll, a covert US bombing campaign in Laos to stop communist infiltration of South Vietnam, ends.
1973 Vietnam War: The last United States combat soldiers leave South Vietnam.
– Visit, for instance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_in_the_Vietnam_War ;_ http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter11.htm ;_ http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/03/looking-back-the-end-of-the-vietnam-war/ ;_ http://articles.latimes.com/2001/sep/16/news/mn-46461 ;_ and http://www.vhfcn.org/stat.html.
1971 My Lai massacre, the Vietnam War mass killing of between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam on March 16, 1968, committed by the US Army : Lieutenant William Calley is convicted of premeditated murder and sentenced to life in prison.
1969 Communist New People’s Army found in Philippines.
– Visit, for instance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_People%27s_Army ;_ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines ;_ and/or _ http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/149.
1962 Arturo Frondizi, the president of Argentina, is overthrown in a military coup by Argentina’s armed forces, ending an 11½ day constitutional crisis.
1947 Malagasy Uprising against French colonial rule in Madagascar.
1945 World War II: The German 4th Army is almost destroyed by the Soviet Red Army.
1945 World War II: Last day of V-1 flying bomb attacks on England.
1942 The Bombing of Lübeck in World War II is the first major success for the RAF Bomber Command against Germany and a German city.
1941 World War II: British Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy forces defeat those of the Italian Regia Marina off the Peloponnesian coast of Greece in the Battle of Cape Matapan.
1936 In Germany, Adolf Hitler receives 99% of the votes in a referendum to ratify Germany’s illegal reoccupation of the Rhineland, receiving 44.5 million votes out of 45.5 million registered voters.
1867 Queen Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which establishes the Dominion of Canada on July 1.
1857 Sepoy Mangal Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry mutinies against the East India Company‘s rule in India and inspires the protracted Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.
1849 The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab.
1847 Mexican–American War: United States forces led by General Winfield Scott take Veracruz after a siege.
1831 Great Bosnian uprising: Bosniaks rebel against Turkey.
_________________________
Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment originally from Japan.
(Sources and references: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_23 to 29; http://www.historyorb.com/events/march/23 to 29; http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/march_23.html to 29.html; and other pertinent websites and/or documents, mentioned above.)
This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 23 Mar 2015.
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