This Week in History

HISTORY, 2 Nov 2015

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

TWH logo history

Nov 2-8

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:

“Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn’t do than by the ones you did. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.” – Mark Twain

NOVEMBER 2

2014  A suicide attack killed 60 at Wagah.

2007  50,000–100,000 people demonstrate against the Georgian government in Tbilisi.

Democracy and Georgia (country):

History of Georgia:

Georgia:

Foreign Relations of Georgia:

Economy of Georgia:

2000  The first resident crew to the ISS docked with their Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft.

1988  The Morris worm, the first Internet-distributed computer worm to gain significant mainstream media attention, is launched from MIT.

1984  Capital punishment: Velma Barfield becomes the first woman executed in the United States since 1962.

1983  US President Ronald Reagan signs a bill creating Martin Luther King, Jr. Day.

1978  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1974  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

1973  The Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the Communist Party of India form a ‘United Front’ in the state of Tripura.

1972  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1967  Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson and “The Wise Men” conclude that the American people should be given more optimistic reports on the progress of the war.

“Wise Men” on the Vietnam War:

1966  The Cuban Adjustment Act comes into force, allowing 123,000 Cubans the opportunity to apply for permanent residence in the United States.

1965  Norman Morrison, a 31-year-old Quaker, sets himself on fire in front of the river entrance to the Pentagon to protest the use of napalm in the Vietnam war.

1964  King Saud of Saudi Arabia is deposed by a family coup, and replaced by his half-brother Faisal.

1963  South Vietnamese President Ngô Đình Diệm is assassinated following a military coup.

1957  The Levelland UFO Case in Levelland, Texas, generates national publicity.

1953  The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan names the country The Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

1951  Korean War: A small platoon of 28 Canadian soldiers defend a vital area against an entire battalion of 800 Chinese troops in the Battle of the Song-gok Spur. The engagement lasts into the early hours of November 3.

1949  The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference ends with the Netherlands agreeing to transfer sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies to the United States of Indonesia.

1947  In California, designer Howard Hughes performs the maiden (and only) flight of the Spruce Goose or H-4 The Hercules; the largest fixed-wing aircraft ever built.

1944  Auschwitz begins gassing inmates.

Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp:

1943  Jewish ghetto of Riga, Latvia, is destroyed.

1940  World War II: First day of Battle of Elaia–Kalamas between the Greeks and the Italians.

1936  The British Broadcasting Corporation initiates the BBC Television Service, the world’s first regular, “high-definition” (then defined as at least 200 lines) service. Renamed BBC1 in 1964, the channel still runs to this day.

1936  The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is established.

1930  Haile Selassie is crowned emperor of Ethiopia.

1920  In the United States, KDKA of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania starts broadcasting as the first commercial radio station. The first broadcast is the result of the United States presidential election, 1920.

1917  The Military Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet, in charge of preparation and carrying out the Russian Revolution, holds its first meeting.

1917  The Balfour Declaration proclaims British support for the “establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people” with the clear understanding “that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities”.

Balfour Declaration:

History and Background of the Balfour Declaration:

1914  World War I: The Russian Empire declares war on the Ottoman Empire and the Dardanelles are subsequently closed.

1909  Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity is founded at Boston University.

1899  The Boers begin their 118-day siege of British-held Ladysmith during the Second Boer War.

 

 

NOVEMBER 3

2014  UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon calls for global action on climate change after warning from scientists.

2013  A solar eclipse sweeps across Africa, Europe and the Eastern United States.

2012  Syrian rebels launch a major assault on Taftanaz airbase.

1997  The United States of America imposes economic sanctions against Sudan in response to its human rights abuses of its own citizens and its material and political assistance to Islamic extremist groups across the Middle East and Eastern Africa.

1996  Death of Abdullah Çatlı, leader of the Turkish ultra-nationalist organization Grey Wolves in the Susurluk car-crash, which leads to the resignation of the Turkish Interior Minister, Mehmet Ağar (a leader of the True Path Party, DYP).

1988  Sri Lankan Tamil mercenaries try to overthrow the Maldivian government. At President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom‘s request, the Indian military suppresses the coup attempt within 24 hours.

1988  Soviet Union agrees to allow teaching of Hebrew.

1986  The Federated States of Micronesia gain independence from the United States of America.

1986  Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reports that the United States has been secretly selling weapons to Iran in order to secure the release of seven American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.

1982  The Salang Tunnel fire in Afghanistan kills up to 2,000 people.

1979  Greensboro massacre: Five members of the Communist Workers Party are shot dead and seven are wounded by a group of Klansmen and neo-Nazis during a “Death to the Klan” rally in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States.

1978  Dominica gains its independence from the United Kingdom.

History of Dominica:

Dominica:

Foreign Relations of Dominica:

Economy of Dominica:

1975  Syed Nazrul Islam, A H M Qamaruzzaman, Tajuddin Ahmad, and Muhammad Mansur Ali, Bangladeshi politicians and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman loyalists, murdered in the Dhaka Central Jail.

1973  Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 10 toward Mercury. On March 29, 1974, it becomes the first space probe to reach that planet.

1969  Vietnam War: US President Richard M. Nixon addresses the nation on television and radio, asking the “silent majority” to join him in solidarity on the Vietnam War effort and to support his policies.

1967  Vietnam War: The Battle of Dak To begins.

1964  Washington D C residents are able to vote in a presidential election for the first time.

1962  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

1960  The land that would become the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge was established by an Act of Congress after a year-long legal battle that pitted local residents against Port Authority of New York and New Jersey officials wishing to turn the Great Swamp into a major regional airport for jet aircraft.

1958  USSR performs nuclear test at Kapustin Yar USSR.

1957  Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2. On board is the first animal to enter orbit, a dog named Laika.

1956  The Khan Yunis killings are perpetrated by the Israel Defense Forces in Egyptian-controlled Gaza, resulting in the deaths of 275 male Arabs.

1954  Nobel for physics awarded to Max Born & Walter Bothe.

1954  The first Godzilla film is released and marks the first appearance of the character of the same name.

1944  World War II: Two supreme commanders of the Slovak National Uprising, Generals Ján Golian and Rudolf Viest are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.

1943  World War II: 500 aircraft of the U.S. 8th Air Force devastate Wilhelmshaven harbor in Germany.

1942  World War II: The Koli Point action begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on November 12.

1941  The order is given to bomb Pearl Harbor.

1930  Getúlio Dornelles Vargas becomes Head of the Provisional Government in Brazil after a bloodless coup on October 24.

1918  The German Revolution of 1918–19 begins when 40,000 sailors take over the port in Kiel.

1918  Poland declares its independence from Russia.

History of Poland:

Poland and Russia:

Poland:

Foreign Relations of Poland:

Economy of Poland:

1918  Austria-Hungary enters into an armistice with the Allies, and the Habsburg-ruled empire dissolves.

Austria-Hungarian Empire (Hapsburg) and the Armistice with the Allies:

Austro-Hungarian (Hapsburg) Empire:

History of the Austro-Hungarian (Hapsburg) Empire:

1903  With the encouragement of the United States, Panama separates from Colombia.

History of Panama:

Panama:

Foreign Relations of Panama:

Economy of Panama:

Colombia:

Foreign Relations of Columbia:

Colombia and the United Nations:

History of Columbia:

Economy of Columbia:

1898  France withdraws its troops from Fashoda (now in Sudan), ending the Fashoda Incident.

 

 

NOVEMBER 4

2008  Barack Obama becomes the first person of African-American descent to be elected President of the United States.

2002  Chinese authorities arrest cyber-dissident He Depu for signing a pro-democracy letter to the 16th Communist Party Congress.

1995  Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by an extremist Israeli.

Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin:

1979  Iran hostage crisis: A mob of Iranians, mostly students, overruns the US embassy in Tehran and takes 90 hostages (53 of whom are American).

Iran Hostage Crisis:

1978  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1973  The Netherlands experiences the first Car-Free Sunday caused by the 1973 oil crisis. Highways are deserted and are used only by cyclists and roller skaters.

1970  Salvador Allende takes office as President of Chile, the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections.

1970  Vietnam War: Vietnamization: The United States turns control of the Binh Thuy Air Base in the Mekong Delta over to South Vietnam.

1966  The Arno River floods Florence, Italy, to a maximum depth of 6.7 m (22 ft), leaving thousands homeless and destroying millions of masterpieces of art and rare books. Also Venice was submerged on the same day at its record all-time acqua alta of 194 cm.

1962  In a test of the Nike Hercules air defense missile, Shot Dominic-Tightrope is successfully detonated 69,000 feet above Johnston Atoll. It would also be the last atmospheric nuclear test conducted by the United States.

Nuclear Tests by the United States:

Atmospheric/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:

Johnston Atoll:

Various Weapons Tests and Storage at Johnston Atoll, and Permanent Contamination:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1960  At the Kasakela Chimpanzee Community in Tanzania, Dr. Jane Goodall observes chimpanzees creating tools, the first-ever observation in non-human animals.

1956  Soviet troops enter Hungary to end the Hungarian revolution against the Soviet Union, that started on October 23. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country.

The End of Hungarian Revolution of 1956:

The “Hungarian Revolution of 1956” or the Struggle of Hungarians against the Soviet Power: October 23 – November 4, 1956:

History of Hungary:

1952  The United States government establishes the National Security Agency, or NSA.

National Security Agency:

1944  World War II: Bitola Liberation Day

1942  World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein: Disobeying a direct order by Adolf Hitler, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel leads his forces on a five-month retreat.

1939  War II: US President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons by belligerents.

1924  Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming is elected the first female governor in the United States.

1922  In Egypt, British archaeologist Howard Carter and his men find the entrance to Pharaoh Tutankhamun‘s tomb in the Valley of the Kings.

1921  The Italian unknown soldier is buried in the Altare della Patria (Fatherland Altar) in Rome.

1921  The Sturmabteilung or SA, whose members were known as “brownshirts”, physically assault Adolf Hitler‘s opposition after his speech in Munich.

1918  World War I: Austria-Hungary surrenders to Italy.

1890  City and South London Railway: London’s first deep-level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.

1867  Camagüey, Cuba revolts against Spain during the Ten Years’ War.

1852  Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour becomes the prime minister of Piedmont–Sardinia, which soon expands to become Italy.

1847  Sir James Young Simpson, a British physician, discovers the anaesthetic properties of chloroform.

1829  Newport Rising: The last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.

1791  Beginning of the Russo-Ottoman siege of Corfu.

1791  The Western Confederacy of American Indians wins a major victory over the United States in the Battle of the Wabash.

1783  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart‘s Symphony No. 36 is performed for the first time in Linz, Austria.

1780  José Gabriel Condorcanqui aka Túpac Amaru II starts his Rebellion on Peru against Spain.

 

 

NOVEMBER 5

2013  India launches the Mars Orbiter Mission, its first interplanetary probe.

2007  Android mobile operating system is unveiled by Google.

2007  China’s first lunar satellite, Chang’e 1 goes into orbit around the Moon.

2006  Saddam Hussein, former president of Iraq, and his co-defendants Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad Hamed al-Bandar are sentenced to death in the al-Dujail trial for the role in the massacre of the 148 Shi’a Muslims in 1982.

Saddam Hussein:

Saddam Hussein’s Trial:

1996  Pakistani President Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari dismisses the government of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and dissolves the National Assembly of Pakistan.

1995  André Dallaire attempts to assassinate Prime Minister Jean Chrétien of Canada. He is thwarted when the Prime Minister‘s wife locks the door.

1990  Rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the far-right Kach movement, is shot dead after a speech at a New York City hotel.

1986  USS Rentz, USS Reeves and USS Oldendorf visit Qingdao (Tsing Tao) China – the first US Naval visit to China since 1949.

1977  George W Bush marries Laura Welch in Midland, Texas.

President George W Bush and the War Crimes:

1976  USSR performs underground nuclear test in Sakha (Yakutia), Russia.

Underground Nuclear Tests:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

1970  Vietnam War: The United States Military Assistance Command in Vietnam reports the lowest weekly American soldier death toll in five years (24).

1967  The Hither Green rail crash in the United Kingdom kills 49 people. Survivors include Robin Gibb of the Bee Gees.

1966  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1955  After being destroyed in World War II, the rebuilt Vienna State Opera reopens with a performance of Beethoven‘s Fidelio.

1953  Nobel prize for physics awarded/appended on Frederik Zernicke.

1951  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

For some more pertinent information, see “1966 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site”, mentioned above.

1950  Korean War: British and Australian forces from the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade successfully halted the advancing Chinese 117th Division during the Battle of Pakchon.

Battle of Pakchon:

1945  Colombia joins the United Nations.

Colombia:

Foreign Relations of Columbia:

Colombia and the United Nations:

History of Columbia:

Economy of Columbia:

1943  World War II: Bombing of the Vatican.

1940  World War II: The British armed merchant cruiser, HMS Jervis Bay, is sunk by the German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer.

1937  Adolf Hitler holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring “living space” for the German people.

“Lebensraum” or” Living Space”, and Nazi Germany:

1925  Secret agent Sidney Reilly, the first “super-spy” of the 20th century, is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.

1917  St Tikhon of Moscow is elected the Patriarch of Moscow and of the Russian Orthodox Church.

1917  October Revolution: In Tallinn, Estonia, Communist leader Jaan Anvelt leads revolutionaries in overthrowing the Provisional Government (As Estonia and Russia are still using the Julian calendar, subsequent period references show an October 23 date).

Jaan Anvelt and Estonia in 1917:

History of Estonia:

1916  The Everett massacre takes place in Everett, Washington as political differences lead to a shoot-out between the Industrial Workers of the World organizers and local police.

1916  The Kingdom of Poland is proclaimed by the Act of 5th November of the emperors of Germany and Austria-Hungary.

1914  World War I: France and the British Empire declare war on the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Empire and World War I:

History of the Ottoman Empire:

1913  King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III.

1912  Woodrow Wilson is elected to the presidency of the United States.

1911  After declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on September 29, 1911, Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica.

1872  Women’s suffrage in the United States: In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B Anthony votes for the first time, and is later fined $100.

Susan B Anthony:

Women’s Suffrage:

Women’s Suffrage in the United States:

The Nineteenth Amendment and Women’s Suffrage:

History of Women’s Suffrage (Movement) in the United States:

1862  American Native People Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to hang. 38 are ultimately executed and the others reprieved.

1854  Crimean War: The Battle of Inkerman.

Battle of Inkerman:

Crimean War:

Timeline of Crimean War:

History of Crimea:

1831 Nat Turner, American slave leader, is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in Virginia.

1811  Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado, rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement.

1768  Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies.

1757  Seven Years’ War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach.

 

 

NOVEMBER 6

2012  Tammy Baldwin becomes the first openly gay politician to be elected to the United States Senate.

1999  Australians vote to keep the Head of the Commonwealth as their head of state in the Australian republic referendum.

1995  Cleveland Browns relocation controversy: Art Modell announces that he signed a deal that would relocate the Cleveland Browns to Baltimore to become the Baltimore Ravens, the first time the city had a football team since 1983 when they were the Baltimore Colts.

1995  The Rova of Antananarivo, home of the sovereigns of Madagascar from the 16th to 19th centuries, is destroyed by fire.

1991  The last Kuwaiti oil field fire is extinguished.

1986  Sumburgh disaster: A British International Helicopters Boeing 234LR Chinook crashes 21⁄2 miles east of Sumburgh Airport killing 45 people. It is the deadliest civilian helicopter crash on record.

1985  In Colombia, leftist guerrillas of the 19th of April Movement seize control of the Palace of Justice in Bogotá, eventually killing 115 people, 11 of them Supreme Court justices.

1977  The Kelly Barnes Dam, located above Toccoa Falls Bible College near Toccoa, Georgia, fails, killing 39.

1975  Green March begins: Three hundred thousand unarmed Moroccans converge on the southern city of Tarfaya and wait for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into Western Sahara.

1971  The United States Atomic Energy Commission tests the largest US underground hydrogen bomb, code-named Cannikin, on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians. (= The United States performs underground nuclear test at Amchitka Island.)

United States Atomic Energy Commission:

Underground Nuclear Weapons Testing:

Nuclear weapons testing at Amchitka Island:

1965  Cuba and the United States formally agree to begin an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States. By 1971, 250,000 Cubans had made use of this program.

1963  Vietnam War: Following the November 1 coup and execution of President Ngo Dinh Diem, coup leader General Dương Văn Minh takes over leadership of South Vietnam.

November 1 (and 2), 1963 Coup:

1962  Apartheid: The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution condemning South Africa’s apartheid policies and calls for all UN member states to cease military and economic relations with the nation.

UNGA Resolution 1761 of 6 November 1962:

1955  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1948  Deputy commander-in-chief of the Eastern China Field Army General Su Yu launches a massive offensive toward Xuzhou, defended by seven different armies under the Suppression General Headquarter of Xuzhou Garrison, the Huaihai Campaign. The largest operational campaign of the Chinese Civil War begins.

1944  Plutonium is first produced at the Hanford Atomic Facility and subsequently used in the Fat Man atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.

1943  World War II: The Soviet Red Army recaptures Kiev. Before withdrawing, the Germans destroy most of the city’s ancient buildings.

Battle of Kiev of 1943:

1942  World War II: Carlson’s patrol during the Guadalcanal Campaign begins.

1941  World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin addresses the Soviet Union for only the second time during his 27-year rule. He falsely states that even though 350,000 troops were killed in German attacks so far, the Germans had lost 4.5 million soldiers and that Soviet victory was near.

1939  World War II: Sonderaktion Krakau takes place.

1936  Edwin Armstrong presents his paper “A Method of Reducing Disturbances in Radio Signaling by a System of Frequency Modulation” to the New York section of the Institute of Radio Engineers.

1928  Arnold Rothstein, the head of the Jewish mob in New York, was shot and mortally wounded on November 4, and died on November 6. He was assassinated by George “Hump” McManus, for failing to pay a large gambling debt.

1918  The Second Polish Republic is proclaimed.

Second Poland Republic:

History of Poland:

1917  World War I: Third Battle of Ypres ends: After three months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take Passchendaele in Belgium.

1913  Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.

 

 

NOVEMBER 7

2004  Iraq War: The interim government of Iraq calls for a 60-day “state of emergency” as U.S. forces storm the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.

2002  Iran bans advertising of United States products.

2001  SABENA, the national airline of Belgium, goes bankrupt.

2000  The US Drug Enforcement Administration discovers one of the country’s largest LSD labs inside a converted military missile silo in Wamego, Kansas.

2000  Controversial US presidential election that is later resolved in the Bush v. Gore Supreme Court Case.

2000  Hillary Rodham Clinton is elected to the United States Senate, becoming the first former First Lady to win public office in the United States, although she was actually still the First Lady.

1996  NASA launches the Mars Global Surveyor.

1994  WXYC, the student radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, provides the world’s first internet radio broadcast.

1991  Magic Johnson announces that he is infected with HIV and retires from the NBA.

1990  Mary Robinson becomes the first woman to be elected President of the Republic of Ireland.

1989  East German Prime Minister Willi Stoph, along with his entire cabinet, is forced to resign after huge anti-government protests.

1989  David Dinkins becomes the first African American to be elected Mayor of New York City.

1987  Singapore’s first Mass Rapid Transit line was opened, starting with train services between Yio Chu Kang and Toa Payoh stations.

1987  In Tunisia, president Habib Bourguiba is overthrown and replaced by Prime Minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

1983  United States Senate bombing: A bomb explodes inside the United States Capitol. No one is injured, but an estimated $250,000 in damage is caused.

1975  In Bangladesh, a joint force of people and soldiers takes part in an uprising led by Colonel Abu Taher that ousts and kills Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf, freeing the then house-arrested army chief and future president Maj-Gen. Ziaur Rahman. The day is occasionally observed as the National Revolution and Solidarity Day.

1973  The United States Congress overrides President Richard M. Nixon‘s veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval.

1973  US and Egypt announce restoration of full diplomatic links.

1967  US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

1967  Carl B Stokes is elected as Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, becoming the first African American mayor of a major American city.

1968  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

1963  Wunder von Lengede: In Germany, eleven miners are rescued from a collapsed mine after 14 days.

1957  Cold War: The Gaither Report calls for more American missiles and fallout shelters.

1956  Suez Crisis: The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France and Israel to immediately withdraw their troops from Egypt.

UN Documentation Guide and UNGA Res 1002 of Nov 7, 1956:

Suez Crisis of 1956:

1954  US spy plane shot down North of Japan.

1951  Constitution of Jordan passes.

Constitution of Jordan of January 1, 1952 (passed on November 7, 1951):

Jordan:

History of Jordan:

1949  The first oil was taken in Oil Rocks (Neft Daşları), oldest offshore oil platform.

1944  Franklin D. Roosevelt elected for a record fourth term as President of the United States of America.

1944  Soviet spy Richard Sorge, a half-Russian, half-German World War I veteran, is hanged by his Japanese captors along with 34 of his ring.

1941  World War II: Soviet hospital ship Armenia is sunk by German planes while evacuating refugees and wounded military and staff of several Crimean hospitals. It is estimated that over 5,000 people died in the sinking.

1931 The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed on the anniversary of the October Revolution.

1929  In New York City, the Museum of Modern Art opens to the public.

1920  Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow issues a decree that leads to the formation of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.

1919  The first Palmer Raid is conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in twenty-three different US cities.

1918  Kurt Eisner overthrows the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Kingdom of Bavaria.

1918  The 1918 influenza epidemic spreads to Western Samoa, killing 7,542 (about 20% of the population) by the end of the year.

1917  World War I: Third Battle of Gaza ends: British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire.

1917  The Gregorian calendar date of the October Revolution, which gets its name from the Julian calendar date of 25 October. On this date in 1917, the Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace.

1916  Jeannette Rankin is the first woman elected to the United States Congress.

1914  The German colony of Kiaochow Bay and its centre at Tsingtao are captured by Japanese forces.

1912  The Deutsche Opernhaus (now Deutsche Oper Berlin) opens in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg, with a production of Beethoven‘s Fidelio.

1910  The first air freight shipment (from Dayton, Ohio, to Columbus, Ohio) is undertaken by the Wright brothers and department store owner Max Moorehouse.

1908  Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid are reportedly killed in San Vicente, Bolivia.

1907  Jesús García saves the entire town of Nacozari de García by driving a burning train full of dynamite six kilometers (3.7 miles) away before it can explode.

1900  The People’s Party is founded in Cuba.

1900  Battle of Leliefontein, a battle during which the Royal Canadian Dragoons win three Victoria Crosses.

1893  Women’s suffrage: Women in the US state of Colorado are granted the right to vote, the second state to do so.

 

 

NOVEMBER 8

2013  Typhoon Haiyan, one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded, strikes the Visayas region of the Philippines. The storm left at least 6,340 people dead with over 1,000 still missing, and caused S$2.86 billion (USD) in damage.

2011  The potentially hazardous asteroid 2005 YU55 passes 0.85 lunar distances from Earth (about 324,600 kilometres or 201,700 miles), the closest known approach by an asteroid of its brightness since 2010 XC15 in 1976.

2004  War in Iraq: More than 10,000 US troops and a small number of Iraqi army units participate in a siege on the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.

2002  Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council Resolution 1441 – The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face “serious consequences”.

1987  Remembrance Day bombing: A Provisional IRA bomb explodes in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland during a ceremony honouring those who had died in wars involving British forces. Twelve people are killed and sixty-three wounded.

1985  Lloyd J Old discovery of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a key immune signaling molecule (cytokine) that, in addition to its promise for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

1977  Manolis Andronikos, a Greek archaeologist and professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, discovers the tomb of Philip II of Macedon at Vergina.

1968  The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic is signed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by standardising the uniform traffic rules among the signatories.

1967  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1966  US President Lyndon B Johnson signs into law an antitrust exemption allowing the National Football League to merge with the upstart American Football League.

1966  Former Massachusetts Attorney General Edward Brooke becomes the first African American elected to the United States Senate since Reconstruction.

1965  The 173rd Airborne is ambushed by over 1,200 Viet Cong in Operation Hump during the Vietnam War, while the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment fight one of the first set-piece engagements of the war between Australian forces and the Viet Cong at the Battle of Gang Toi.

1965  The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 is given Royal Assent, formally abolishing the death penalty in the United Kingdom.

1965  The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands.

1960  John F Kennedy defeats Richard Nixon in one of the closest presidential elections of the twentieth century to become the 35th president of the United States.

1957  Operation Grapple X, Round C1: the United Kingdom conducts its first successful hydrogen bomb test over Kiritimati in the Pacific.

United Kingdom and its Nuclear Weapon Programme:

1956  UN General Assembly demands, in its resolution 1005 (ES II) of 9 November 1956, USSR leave Hungary.

UN Resolutions on the Hungarian Situation of 1956:

Hungarian Revolution of 1956:

History of Hungary:

1950  Korean War: United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown, while piloting an F-80 Shooting Star, shoots down two North Korean MiG-15s in the first jet aircraft-to-jet aircraft dogfight in history.

1942  – World War II: French resistance coup in Algiers, in which 400 civilian French patriots neutralize Vichyist XIXth Army Corps after 15 hours of fighting, and arrest several Vichyst generals, allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers.

1942  World War II: Operation Torch – United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.

1940  Greco-Italian War: The Italian invasion of Greece fails as outnumbered Greek units repulse the Italians in the Battle of Elaia–Kalamas.

1939  In Munich, Adolf Hitler narrowly escapes the assassination attempt of Georg Elser while celebrating the 16th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch.

1939  Venlo Incident: Two British agents of SIS are captured by the Germans.

1937  The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude (“The Eternal Jew”) opens in Munich.

1936  Spanish Civil War: Francoist troops fail in their effort to capture Madrid, but begin the 3-year Siege of Madrid afterwards.

1933  Great Depression: New Deal – US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million unemployed.

1923  Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government.

1917  The People’s Commissars give authority to Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin.

1901  Bloody clashes take place in Athens following the translation of the Gospels into demotic Greek.

1898  The Wilmington Insurrection of 1898, the only instance of an attempted coup d’état in American history.

1895  While experimenting with electricity, Wilhelm Röntgen discovers the X-ray.

1745  Charles Edward Stuart invades England with an army of ~5000 that would later participate in the Battle of Culloden.

1644  The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.

______________________________

Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program/project officer, legal protection/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.  His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.  His interest and/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental/ecological issues, audio/visual documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, he is currently compiling This Week in History on TMS.

(Sources and references: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2   to Novebmer_8; http://www.onthisday.com/day/novermber/2   to november/8; http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/novermber_2.html to _november_8.html; and other pertinent websites and/or documents, mentioned above.)

  1. The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.
  2. One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about “peace”, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external/outer peace and internal/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address “peace” through peace journalism.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 2 Nov 2015.

Anticopyright: Editorials and articles originated on TMS may be freely reprinted, disseminated, translated and used as background material, provided an acknowledgement and link to the source, TMS: This Week in History, is included. Thank you.

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