This Week in History

HISTORY, 26 Sep 2016

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

TWH logo history

Sep 26 – Oct 2

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:

“The most beautiful people we have known are those who have known defeat, known suffering, known struggle, known loss, and have found their way out of the depths.” – Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

 

SEPTEMBER 26

2014  Ayotzinapa mass kidnapping

Ayotzinap Mass Kidnapping:

2009  Scottish aid worker Linda Norgrove and three Afghan colleagues were kidnapped by members of the Taliban in the Kunar Province of eastern Afghanistan.

2009  Typhoon Ketsana hit the Philippines, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, causing 700 fatalities.

2008  Swiss pilot and inventor Yves Rossy becomes first person to fly a jet engine-powered wing across the English Channel.

2002  The overcrowded Senegalese ferry MV Le Joola capsizes off the coast of the Gambia killing more than 1,000.

2000  Anti-globalization protests in Prague (some 20,000 protesters) turn violent during the IMF and World Bank summits.

1997  An earthquake strikes the Italian regions of Umbria and the Marche, causing part of the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi to collapse.

1997  A Garuda Indonesia Airbus A300 crashes near Medan, Indonesia, airport, killing 234.

1984  The United Kingdom agrees to the handover of Hong Kong

Hong Kong:

Economy of Hong Kong:

History of Hong Kong:

1983  Soviet nuclear false alarm incident, military officer Stanislav Petrov identifies a report of an incoming nuclear missile as a computer error and not an American first strike.

1981  USSR performs underground nuclear test at Astrakhan, Russia.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1981:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1980  At the Oktoberfest terror attack in Munich 13 people died and 211 were injured.

1979  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

United States Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1974  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1973  Concorde makes its first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic in record-breaking time.

1971  The Freetown Christiania was founded.

1970  The Laguna Fire starts in San Diego County, California, burning 175,425 acres (709.92 km2).

1969  USSR performs underground nuclear test.

1960  Fidel Castro announces Cuba’s support for the USSR.

Fidel Castro:

Foreign Relations of Cuba:

Cuba and USSR/Russia:

Cuban Missile Crisis:

Cuba and the United States:

Cuba or the “Republic of Cuba” (Repúlica de Cuba):

History and Culture of Cuba:

Economy of Cuba:

1960  In Chicago, the first televised debate takes place between presidential candidates Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy.

1959  Typhoon Vera, the strongest typhoon to hit Japan in recorded history, makes landfall, killing 4,580 people and leaving nearly 1.6 million others homeless.

1958  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1957  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1957:

USSR Nuclear Tests:

Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk:

1954  Japanese rail ferry Tōya Maru sinks during a typhoon in the Tsugaru Strait, Japan killing 1,172.

1950  Indonesia is admitted to the United Nations.

Indonesia and the United Nations:

History of Indonesia:

Indonesia:             

Foreign Relations of Indonesia:

Indonesia and the United Nations:

Economy of Indonesia:

1950  United Nations troops recapture Seoul from North Korean forces.

Korean War:

Korean War Timelines:

1944  World War II: On the central front of the Gothic Line Brazilian troops control the Serchio valley region after ten days of fighting.

1944  World War II: Operation Market Garden fails.

1942  The Holocaust: August Frank, a higher official of the SS concentration camp administration department, issues a memorandum containing a great deal of operational detail in how Jews should be “evacuated”.

August Frank of 1942:

1923  Gustav Stresemann resumes the Weimar Republic’s payment of reparations.

1918  World War I: The Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the bloodiest single battle in American history, begins.

1917  World War I: The Battle of Polygon Wood begins.

1914  The United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.

1910  Indian journalist Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai is arrested after publishing criticism of the government of Travancore and exiled.

1907  New Zealand and Newfoundland each become dominions within the British Empire.

1872  The first Shriners Temple (called Mecca) is established in New York City.

1810  A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.

1792  Marc-David Lasource begins accusing Maximilien Robespierre of wanting a dictatorship for France.

1789  Thomas Jefferson is appointed the first United States Secretary of State, John Jay is appointed the first Chief Justice of the United States, Samuel Osgood is appointed the first United States Postmaster General, and Edmund Randolph is appointed the first United States Attorney General.

1777  American Revolution: British troops occupy Philadelphia.

1687  The city council of Amsterdam votes to support William of Orange‘s invasion of England, which became the Glorious Revolution.

1687  The Parthenon in Athens is partially destroyed by an explosion caused by the bombing from Venetian forces led by Morosini who are besieging the Ottoman Turks stationed in Athens.

 

 

SEPTEMBER 27

2008  CNSA astronaut Zhai Zhigang becomes the first Chinese person to perform a spacewalk while flying on Shenzhou 7.

2007  NASA launches the Dawn probe.

2003  Smart 1 satellite is launched.

2002  Timor-Leste joins the United Nations.

Timor-Leste:

Foreign Relations of Timor-Leste:

Timor-Leste and the United Nations:

2001  Zug massacre: In Zug, Switzerland, Friedrich Leibacher shoots 18 citizens, killing 14 and then himself.

1998  The Google internet search engine retrospectively claims this as its birthday.

History of Google and Search Engines:

1996  The Julie N tanker ship crashes into the Million Dollar Bridge in Portland, Maine spilling thousands of gallons of oil.

Julie N and the Environmental Disaster in 1996:

1996  In Afghanistan, the Taliban capture the capital city Kabul after driving out President Burhanuddin Rabbani and executing former leader Mohammad Najibullah.

Taliban:

History of Taliban:

Is the Taliban a Terrorist Organization? :

1993  The Sukhumi massacre takes place in Abkhazia.

Sukhumi Massacre:

1990  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1988  National League for Democracy is formed by Aung San Suu Kyi and various others to help fight against dictatorship in Myanmar.

National League for Democracy of Myanmar:

Myanmar:

History of Myanmar:

Pro-Democracy Uprising, Ethnic Cleansing and Other Pertinent Issues:

Aung San Suu Kyi:

Aung San Suu Kyi and Issues on the Rohingya People:

Some Relevant Issues on the Rohingya People:

1983  Richard Stallman announces the GNU project to develop a free Unix-like operating system.

GNU Project:

1979  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalatinsk USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1979:

USSR’s Nuclear Tests at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalatinsk:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:

Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk:

1978  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1978:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:

Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

1978  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1977  A US Navy McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II crashes into a residential neighborhood in Yokohama, Japan, killing two children on the ground and injuring seven other people.

Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan, and the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA):

1975  The last use of capital punishment in Spain sees the executions of five members of militant organizations, sparking worldwide protests against the Spanish government and the withdrawal of numerous ambassadors.

Capital Punishment:

1973  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1973:

1971  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1971:

1967  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1964  The British TSR-2 aircraft XR219 makes its maiden flight from Boscombe Down in Wiltshire.

1962  The Yemen Arab Republic is established.

Yemen:

Foreign Relations of Yemen:

History of Yemen:

Economy of Yemen:

1962  US sells Israel, Hawk anti-aircraft missiles.

Hawk anti-aircraft missiles:

US-Israeli (Military) Relations:

1961  Sierra Leone joins the United Nations.

Sierra Leone:

History of Sierra Leone:

Economy of Sierra Leone:

Sierra Leone and the United Nations:

1959  Nearly 5,000 people die on the main Japanese island of Honshū as the result of a typhoon.

1956  USAF Captain Milburn G. Apt becomes the first man to exceed Mach 3 while flying the Bell X-2. Shortly thereafter, the craft goes out of control and Captain Apt is killed.

1949  The first Plenary Session of the National People’s Congress approves the design of the Flag of the People’s Republic of China.

Flag of China:

1944  The Kassel Mission results in the largest loss by a USAAF group on any mission in World War II.

1942  Last day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps troops barely escape after being surrounded by Japanese forces near the Matanikau River.

1940  World War II: The Tripartite Pact is signed in Berlin by Germany, Japan and Italy.

Tripartite Pact of 1940:

1937  Balinese Tiger declared extinct.

Balinese Tiger:

1928  The Republic of China is recognized by the United States.

1922  King Constantine I of Greece abdicates his throne in favor of his eldest son, King George II.

1916  Iyasu V is proclaimed deposed as ruler of Ethiopia in a palace coup in favor of his aunt Zewditu I.

1908  The first production of the Ford Model T automobile was built at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan.

1905  The physics journal Annalen der Physik received Albert Einstein‘s paper “Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?”, introducing the equation E=mc².

Einstein’s Theory – E=mc² :

1903  Wreck of the Old 97, a train crash made famous by the song of the same name.

Wreck of the Old 97:

1875  The merchant sailing ship Ellen Southard is wrecked in a storm at Liverpool; the United States Congress subsequently awards 27 gold Lifesaving Medals to the lifeboat men who went to rescue her crew.

1854  The steamship SS Arctic sinks with 300 people on board. This marks the first great disaster in the Atlantic Ocean.

1825  The world’s first public railway to use steam locomotives, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, is ceremonially opened.

1822  Jean-François Champollion announces that he has deciphered the Rosetta stone.

1821  Mexico gains its independence from Spain.

Mexico:

Foreign Relations of Mexico:

History and Culture of Mexico:

Independence of Mexico:

Economy of Mexico:

1669  The Venetians surrender the fortress of Candia to the Ottomans, thus ending the 21-year-long Siege of Candia.

1605  The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm.

 

 

SEPTEMBER 28

2014  Hong Kong protests : Benny Tai announces that Occupy Central is launched as Hong Kong‘s government headquarters is being occupied by thousands of protesters. Hong Kong police resort to tear gas to disperse protesters but thousands remain.

Hong Kong Occupy Central:

Support of China against Pro-Democracy Movement:

2012  Somali and African Union forces launch a coordinated assault on the Somali port city of Kismayo to take back the city from al-Shabaab militants.

2009  The military junta leading Guinea, headed by Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, raped, killed, and wounded protesters during a protest rally in a stadium called Stade du 28 Septembre.

2000  Al-Aqsa Intifada: Ariel Sharon visits Al-Aqsa Mosque known to Jews as the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.

1996  Former president of Afghanistan Mohammad Najibullah is tortured and brutally murdered by the Taliban.

1995  Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat sign the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

Oslo II Accords:

1995  Bob Denard and a group of mercenaries take the islands of Comoros in a coup.

1991  UN weapons inspectors (= UNSCOM) ends 5-day standoff with Iraq.

UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) to Iraq:

Inspection of Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Iraq War:

1975 The Spaghetti House siege, in which nine people are taken hostage, takes place in London.

1973  The ITT Building in New York City is bombed in protest at ITT’s alleged involvement in the September 11, 1973 coup d’état in Chile.

1971  The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 banning the medicinal use of cannabis.

1970  Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser dies of a heart attack in Cairo. Anwar Sadat is named as Nasser’s temporary successor, and will later become the permanent successor.

1963  Whaam!, now considered Roy Lichtenstein‘s most important work, debuted at an exhibition held at the Leo Castelli Gallery that lasted until at October 24.

1962  The Paddington tram depot fire destroys 65 trams in Brisbane, Australia.

1961  A military coup in Damascus effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and Syria.

1960  Mali and Senegal join the United Nations.

Mali:

Foreign Relations of Mali:

Mali and the United Nations:

US–Mali Military Relations/Cooperation:

History of Mali:

Economy of Mali:

Senegal:

Foreign Relations of Senegal:

Senegal and the United Nations:

History of Senegal:

Economy of Senegal:

1958  France ratifies a new Constitution of France; the French Fifth Republic is then formed upon the formal adoption of the new constitution on October 4. Guinea rejects the new constitution, voting for independence instead.  On October 2, 1958, Guinea declares its independence from France. “Under Touré’s leadership, Guinea became the only colony to vote against the constitution of the French Community in 1958 and to opt for complete independence, which was achieved on Oct. 2, 1958. France retaliated by severing relations and withdrawing all financial and technical aid.” – Guinea – History – Infoplease.com

French Constitution of 1958:

Guinean Constitutional Referendum on 28 September 1958:

1958  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Atmospheric Nuclear Testing at the Nevada Site:

Atmospheric/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:

Atmospheric Nuclear Tests of the United States and Radioactive Fallout:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

US Nuclear Tests at Nevada Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1951  CBS makes the first color televisions available for sale to the general public, but the product is discontinued less than a month later.

1950  Indonesia joins the United Nations.

Indonesia:

Foreign Relations of Indonesia:

Indonesia and the United Nations:

History of Indonesia:

Economy of Indonesia:

1944  Soviet Army troops liberate Klooga concentration camp in Klooga, Estonia.

1941  The Drama Uprising against the Bulgarian occupation in northern Greece begins.

1939  Warsaw surrenders to Nazi Germany during World War II.

1939  Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland after their invasion during World War II.

Invasion of Poland in September 1939:

Holocaust and the Invasion of Poland in 1939:

1928  Sir Alexander Fleming notices a bacteria-killing mold growing in his laboratory, discovering what later became known as penicillin.

1928  The UK Parliament passes the Dangerous Drugs Act outlawing cannabis.

1924  First round-the-world flight completed.

1919  Race riots begin in Omaha, Nebraska, US.

1918  World War I: The Fifth Battle of Ypres begins.

1912  The Ulster Covenant is signed by half a million Ulster Protestants in opposition to the Third Irish Home Rule Bill.

1901  Philippine–American War: Filipino guerrillas kill more than forty American soldiers while losing 28 of their own, in a surprise attack in the town of Balangiga on Samar Island.

1889  The first General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) defines the length of a meter as the distance between two lines on a standard bar of an alloy of platinum with ten percent iridium, measured at the melting point of ice.

1885  Riots break out in Montreal to protest against compulsory smallpox vaccination.

1871  Brazilian Parliament passes the Law of the Free Womb, granting freedom to all new children born to slaves, the first major step in the eradication of slavery in Brazil.

 

 

SETPEMBER 29

2013  Over 42 people are killed by members of Boko Haram at the College of Agriculture in Gujba, Nigeria.

2009  An 8.0 magnitude earthquake near the Samoan Islands causes a tsunami.

2008  Following the bankruptcies of Lehman Brothers and Washington Mutual, The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls 777.68 points, the largest single-day point loss in its history.

2007  Calder Hall, the world’s first commercial nuclear power station, is demolished in a controlled explosion.

2006  Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 collides in mid-air with an Embraer Legacy 600 business jet near Peixoto de Azevedo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, killing 154 total people, and triggering a Brazilian aviation crisis.

2004  The Burt Rutan Ansari X Prize entry SpaceShipOne performs a successful spaceflight, the first of two required to win the prize.

2004  The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passes within four lunar distances of Earth.

1995  The United States Navy disbands Fighter Squadron 84 (VF-84), nicknamed the “Jolly Rogers”.

1995  US space probe Ulysses completes 2nd passage behind Sun.

Space Probe:

Ulysses Space Probe:

1992  Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello is impeached.

1991  Military coup in Haiti (1991 Haitian coup d’état).

Military Coup in Haiti, 1991 :

Haiti:

Foreign Relations of Haiti:

History of Haiti:

Economy of Haiti:

1990  The YF-22, which would later become the F-22 Raptor, flies for the first time.

1990  Construction of the Washington National Cathedral is completed.

1988  UN peacekeeping forces win Nobel Peace prize

Peacekeeping, and the UN Peacekeeping:

UN Peacekeeping Forces and the Nobel Peace Prize 1988:

History of the UN Peacekeeping:

Various Problems, the Past and Present, relating to the UN Peacekeeping Operations:

Relevant Reports on the UN Peacekeeping Operations:

UN Peacekeeping Trainings, and Other Peace-related Learning Programs:

1988  Space Shuttle: NASA launches STS-26, the return to flight mission, after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

1986  USSR releases US journalist Nicholas Daniloff confined on spy charges.

Nicholas Daniloff’s Spy Charge:

1982  The Chicago Tylenol murders begin when the first of seven individuals dies in metropolitan Chicago.

1979  Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to visit Ireland.

1976  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1976:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1975  USSR performs underground nuclear test at Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1975:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1975  WGPR in Detroit, Michigan, becomes the world’s first black-owned-and-operated television station.

1972  China–Japan relations: Japan establishes diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China.

1971  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1971  Oman joins the Arab League.

Arab League:

Oman:

Foreign Relations of Oman:

History of Oman:

Economy of Oman:

1963  The second period of the Second Vatican Council opens.

1962  Alouette 1, the first Canadian satellite, is launched.

1962  US performs nuclear test (atmospheric) at Nevada Test Site.

Atmospheric Nuclear Testing at the Nevada Site:

Atmospheric/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:

Atmospheric Nuclear Tests of the United States and Radioactive Fallout:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

US Nuclear Tests at Nevada Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1960  Nikita Khrushchev, leader of Soviet Union, disrupts a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly with a number of angry outbursts.

1958  US performs nuclear test (atmospheric) at Nevada Test Site.

1957  Twenty MCi (740 petabecquerels) of radioactive material is released in an explosion at the Soviet Mayak nuclear plant at Chelyabinsk.

1954  The convention establishing CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) is signed.

1953  US government gives France $385 million for combat in Indo-China.

US Foreign Aid and Indo-China:

1949  The Communist Party of China writes the Common Program for the future People’s Republic of China.

1944  Soviet troops invade Yugoslavia.

Yugoslavia during World War II:

AVNOJ, Yugoslavia and World War II:

History of Yugoslavia:

1941  World War II: Holocaust in Kiev, Soviet Union: German Einsatzgruppe C begins the Babi Yar massacre, according to the Einsatzgruppen operational situation report.

Holocaust of Kiev in 1941:

1940  Two Avro Ansons of No. 2 Service Flying Training School RAAF collide in mid-air over Brocklesby, New South Wales, Australia, remain locked together after colliding, and then land safely.

1938  Munich Agreement: Germany is given permission from France, Italy, and Great Britain to seize the territory of Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia. The meeting takes place in Munich, and leaders from neither the Soviet Union nor Czechoslovakia attend.

1932  Chaco War: Last day of the Battle of Boquerón between Paraguay and Bolivia.

1923  The British Mandate for Palestine takes effect, creating Mandatory Palestine.

1918  World War I, Battle of St. Quentin Canal: The Hindenburg Line is broken by Allied forces. Bulgaria signs an armistice.

1911  Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.

1907  The cornerstone is laid at Washington National Cathedral in the U.S. capital.

1885  The first practical public electric tramway in the world is opened in Blackpool, England.

1864  American Civil War: The Battle of Chaffin’s Farm is fought.

1850  The Roman Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.

1848  Battle of Pákozd: Stalemate between Hungarian and Croatian forces at Pákozd; the first battle of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

1798  The 1st United States Congress adjourns.

1789  The United States Department of War first establishes a regular army with a strength of several hundred men.

 

 

SETPEMBER 30

2009  The 2009 Sumatra earthquakes occur, killing over 1,115 people.

2005  The controversial drawings of Muhammad are printed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten.

2004  The AIM-54 Phoenix, the primary missile for the F-14 Tomcat, is retired from service. Almost two years later, the Tomcat is retired.

2004  The first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat are taken 600 miles south of Tokyo.

1999  Japan’s second-worst nuclear accident at a uranium reprocessing facility in Tōkai-mura, northeast of Tokyo.

1996  The United States Congress passes an Amendment that bans the possession of firearms for people who were convicted of domestic violence, even misdemeanor level.

1993  An earthquake hits India’s Latur and Osmanabad district of Marathwada (Aurangabad division) in Maharashtra state leaving tens of thousands of people dead and many more homeless.

1990  The Dalai Lama unveils the Canadian Tribute to Human Rights in Canada’s capital city of Ottawa.

1986  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1986  Mordechai Vanunu, who revealed details of Israel’s covert nuclear program to British media, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy by the Israeli Mossad.

1982  Cyanide-laced Tylenol kills six people in the Chicago area. Seven are killed in all.

1980  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1980:

USSR Nuclear Tests Overview:

Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:

Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk:

1980  Ethernet specifications are published by Xerox working with Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation.

1977  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1977:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

1975  The Hughes (later McDonnell Douglas, now Boeing) AH-64 Apache makes its first flight.

1973  USSR performs underground nuclear test at Orenburg, Russia.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1973:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1972  Roberto Clemente records the 3,000th and final hit of his career.

1970  Jordan makes a deal with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) for the release of the remaining hostages from the Dawson’s Field hijackings.

1966  USSR performs underground nuclear test at Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1966:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1966  The British protectorate of Bechuanaland declares its independence, and becomes the Republic of Botswana. Seretse Khama takes office as the first President.

1965  The 30 September Movement attempts a coup against the Indonesian government, which is crushed by the military under Suharto and leads to a mass anti-communist purge, with over 500,000 people killed.

1962  James Meredith enters the University of Mississippi, defying segregation.

1962  Mexican-American labor leader César Chávez founds the National Farm Workers Association, which later becomes United Farm Workers.

1958  USSR performs nuclear test (atmospheric) at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1958:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:

Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

1955  Film star James Dean dies in a road accident aged 24.

1954  The US Navy submarine USS Nautilus is commissioned as the world’s first nuclear reactor powered vessel.

1954  The Berlin Airlift ends.

1947  Pakistan and Yemen join the United Nations.

1943  The United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) at Kings Point, New York was dedicated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

1941  World War II: Holocaust in Kiev, Ukraine: German Einsatzgruppe C complete Babi Yar massacre.

1939  General Władysław Sikorski becomes commander-in-chief of the Polish Government in exile.

1938  The League of Nations unanimously outlaws “intentional bombings of civilian populations”.

Civilian Bombing and International Law:

1938  At 2:00 am, Britain, France, Germany and Italy sign the Munich Agreement, allowing Germany to occupy the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.

Munich Agreement:

  • See also “SEPTEMBER 29, 1938 Munich Agreement: Germany is given permission from France, Italy, and Great Britain to seize the territory of Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia. The meeting takes place in Munich, and leaders from neither the Soviet Union nor Czechoslovakia attend”, and “OCTOBER 1, 1938 Germany annexes the Sudetenland.”

1935  The Hoover Dam, astride the border between the US states of Arizona and Nevada, is dedicated.

1931 Start of “Die Voortrekkers” youth movement for Afrikaners in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

1927  Babe Ruth becomes the first baseball player to hit 60 home runs in a season.

1915  A Serbian Army private becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft with ground-to-air fire.

1907  McKinley National Memorial, the final resting place of assassinated U.S. President William McKinley and his family, is dedicated in Canton, Ohio.

1906  The Royal Galician Academy, Galician language‘s biggest linguistic authority, starts working in Havana.

1903  The new Gresham’s School is officially opened by Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood.

1895  Madagascar becomes a French protectorate.

1888  Jack the Ripper kills his third and fourth victims, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes.

1882  Thomas Edison‘s first commercial hydroelectric power plant (later known as Appleton Edison Light Company) begins operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States.

1813  Battle of Bárbula: Simón Bolívar defeats Santiago Bobadilla.

1791  The National Constituent Assembly in Paris is dissolved; Parisians hail Maximilien Robespierre and Jérôme Pétion as “incorruptible patriots”.

1791  The first performance of The Magic Flute, the last opera by Mozart to make its debut, took place at Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden in Vienna, Austria.

1744  France and Spain defeat the Kingdom of Sardinia at the Battle of Madonna dell’Olmo.

 

 

OCTOBER 01

2013  The US federal government shuts down non-essential services after it is unable to pass a budget measure.

US Federal Government Financial Crisis of 2013:

1994  Palau gains independence from the United Nations (trusteeship administered by the United States of America).

1991  The Siege of Dubrovnik begins.

Siege of Dubrovnik:

1889  Denmark introduces the world’s first legal modern same-sex civil union called “registered partnership”.

1987  The Whittier Narrows earthquake shakes the San Gabriel Valley, registering as magnitude 5.9.

1985  The Israeli Air Force bombs Palestine Liberation Organization Headquarters in Tunis.

1982  Sony launches the first consumer compact disc player (model CDP-101).

1982  Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a constructive vote of no confidence.

1982  USSR performs underground nuclear test.

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1981  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1981:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:

1979  The United States returns sovereignty of the Panama Canal to Panama.

1979  Pope John Paul II begins his first pastoral visit to the United States.

1978  The Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party is founded.

1978  Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom.

1975  Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.

1975  The Seychelles gain internal self-government. The Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands and take the name Tuvalu.

Seychelles:

Foreign Relations of Seychelles:

History of Seychelles:

Economy of Seychelles:

1971  The first brain-scan using x-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is performed at Atkinson Morley Hospital in Wimbledon, London.

1969  Concorde breaks the sound barrier for the first time.

1969  USSR performs nuclear test (underground) at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1969:

USSR’s Nuclear Tests at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:

Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk:

1968  The Guyanese government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).

1965  General Suharto puts down an apparent coup attempt by the 30 September Movement in Indonesia.

30 September Movement in Indonesia:

History of Indonesia:

Indonesia:

Foreign Relations of Indonesia:

Indonesia and the United Nations:

Economy of Indonesia:

1964  Japanese Shinkansen (“bullet trains”) begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.

Shinkansen:

1964  The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.

1962  UN gives Netherlands control of New Guinea.

United Nations Security Force (UNSF) and United Nations Temporary Security Authority (UNTEA):

New Guinea:

History of New Guinea:

1961  US performs nuclear test (atmospheric) at Nevada Test Site.

Atmospheric Nuclear Testing at the Nevada Site:

Atmospheric/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:

Atmospheric Nuclear Tests of the United States and Radioactive Fallout:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

US Nuclear Tests at Nevada Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1961  The United States Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is formed, becoming the country’s first centralized military espionage organization.

1960  Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.

Nigeria:

Foreign Relations of Nigeria:

History of Nigeria:

Economy of Nigeria:

1958  NASA is created to replace NACA.

History of NASA:

1957  First appearance of In God we trust on US paper currency.

1949  The People’s Republic of China is established and declared by Mao Zedong.

Mao Zedong:

China:

Foreign Relations of China:

History of China:

Economy of China:

1947  US control of Haitian customs & governmental revenue ends.

History of Haiti, and the United States:

Haiti and Jewish People:

Timelines of Haitian History:

1947  The North American F-86 Sabre flies for the first time.

1946  Mensa International is founded in the United Kingdom.

1946  Daegu October Incident occurs in Allied occupied Korea.

1946  Nazi leaders are sentenced at Nuremberg trials.

Nuremberg Military Tribunal and Its Trials:

1943  World War II: Naples falls to Allied soldiers.

1942  First flight of the Bell XP-59 “Aircomet”.

1942  USS Grouper torpedoes Lisbon Maru not knowing she is carrying British PoWs from Hong Kong

1940  The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.

1939  After a one-month Siege of Warsaw, hostile Nazi forces enter the city.

Siege of Warsaw of 1939:

History of Poland:

Poland:

Foreign Relations of Poland:

Economy of Poland:

1938  Germany annexes the Sudetenland.

Munich Agreement:

1936  Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.

1931  Spain adopted women’s suffrage.

Women’s Suffrage in Spain:

Women’s Suffrage and Its History:

Women’s Suffrage in General (1) – Overview:

Women’s Rights in General (2) – Worldwide:

Women’s Rights in General:

1928  The Soviet Union introduces its First five-year plan.

1920  Sir Percy Cox lands in Basra to assume his responsibilities as High Commissioner in Iraq.

1918  World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence, also known as “Lawrence of Arabia”, capture Damascus.

1910  Los Angeles Times bombing: A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, killing 21.

1908  Ford puts the Model T car on the market at a price of US$825.

1905  František Pavlík is killed in a demonstration in Prague, inspiring Leoš Janáček to the piano composition 1. X. 1905.

YouTube videos of the piano composition 1. X. 1905:

1898  The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.

1891  In California, Stanford University opens its doors.

1890  Yosemite National Park is established by the U.S. Congress.

1887  Balochistan is conquered by the British Empire.

1880  First electric lamp factory is opened by Thomas Edison.

1854  The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham, Massachusetts, to become the Waltham Watch Company, a pioneer in the American system of watch manufacturing.

1847  German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.

1829  South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa; it will later separate into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.

1827  Russo-Persian War: The Russian army under Ivan Paskevich storms Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in Armenia.

1814  Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw Europe’s political map after the defeat of Napoléon the previous spring.

 

 

OCTOBER 02

2007  President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea walks across the Military Demarcation Line into North Korea on his way to the second Inter-Korean Summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il.

2001  NATO backs U.S. military strikes following 9/11.

1997  Amsterdam Treaty on European Union is signed.

1996  The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by US President Bill Clinton.

1992  The Carandiru massacre takes place after a riot in the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil.

1980  Michael Myers becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be expelled since the Civil War.

1979  Pope John Paul II denounces all forms of concentration camps and torture while speaking at the U.N. in New York City.

1969  US performs underground nuclear test at Amchitka Island Aleutians.

Underground Nuclear Weapons Testing:

Nuclear Weapons Testing at Amchitka Island:

1968  A peaceful student demonstration in Mexico City culminates in the Tlatelolco massacre by the order of the president, Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, to the soldiers of killing unarmed students, hiding the event from the public eye. The 1968 Summer Olympics, hosted in Mexico City, started ten days after the massacre.

1967  Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of United States Supreme Court.

1961  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

1958  Guinea declares its independence from France.

Guinea:

Independence of Guinea:

Foreign Relations of Guinea:

History of Guinea:

Economy of Guinea:

Human Rights Issues of Guinea:

1958  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

For some more relevant information, see “1961    USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR”, mentioned above.

1944  World War II: German troops end the Warsaw Uprising, by killing 250,000 people.

Warsaw Uprising:

1942  World War II: Ocean Liner RMS Queen Mary accidentally rams and sinks her own escort ship, HMS Curacoa, off the coast of Ireland.

1941  World War II: In Operation Typhoon, Germany begins an all-out offensive against Moscow.

1937  Dominican Republic strongman Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of the Haitian population living within the borderlands; approximately 20,000 are killed over the next five days.

1928  The “Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God”, commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded by Saint Josemaría Escrivá.

1925  John Logie Baird performs the first test of a working television system.

1814  Battle of Rancagua: Spanish Royalists troops under Mariano Osorio defeats rebel Chilean forces of Bernardo O’Higgins and José Miguel Carrera.

___________________________________

(Sources and references: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/september26   to_october_2; http://www.onthisday.com/events/september/26   to october/2;   http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/september_26.html.   to october_2.html; and other pertinent web sites and/or documents, mentioned above.)

  1. The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.
  2. One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about “peace”, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external/outer peace and internal/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address “peace”.

Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program/project officer, legal protection/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.  His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.  His interest and/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental/ecological issues, science and technology, visual/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, he is currently compiling This Week in History on TMS.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 26 Sep 2016.

Anticopyright: Editorials and articles originated on TMS may be freely reprinted, disseminated, translated and used as background material, provided an acknowledgement and link to the source, TMS: This Week in History, is included. Thank you.

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