This Week in History

HISTORY, 23 Jan 2017

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

Jan 23-29

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:

“Don’t be sad or afraid when you start losing friends, be glad you’re getting rid of the fake ones.  Stay true to yourself.” – Terry Mark

 

JANUARY 23

2012  Responding to Iran’s nuclear program, more sanctions are imposed upon Iran’s banking and oil industries by the European Union.

Iran’s Nuclear Program and the EU:

Iran Nuclear Deal of January 2016:

2003  Final communication between Earth and Pioneer 10.

Pioneer 10:

2002  Reporter Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Karachi, Pakistan and subsequently murdered.

Daniel Pearl, His Abduction and Death:

2002  “American Taliban” John Walker Lindh returns to the United States in FBI custody.

2001  Five people attempt to set themselves on fire in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square, an act that many people later claim is staged by the Communist Party of China to frame Falun Gong and thus escalate their persecution.

Falun Gong:

Persecution of Falun Gong:

History of Falun Gong:

1997 Madeleine Albright becomes the first woman to serve as United States Secretary of State.

1973  A volcanic eruption devastates Heimaey in the Vestmannaeyjar chain of islands off the south coast of Iceland.

1973  United States President Richard Nixon announces that a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam.

Nixon’s Announcement on the End of the US Involvement in the Vietnam War:

Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events:

Vietnam War Peace Talks/Negotiations:

1970  US performs nuclear test (underground) at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1968  North Korea seizes the USS Pueblo, claiming the ship had violated its territorial waters while spying.

USS Pueblo (AGER -2) Incident on January 23, 1968:

1967  Milton Keynes (England) is founded as a new town by Order in Council, with a planning brief to become a city of 250,000 people. Its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages.

1967  Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Ivory Coast are established.

Ivory Coast and the Soviet Union/Russia:

Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast):

1963  The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence officially begins when PAIGC guerrilla fighters attack the Portuguese army stationed in Tite.

Guinea-Bissau War of Independence:

Guinea-Bissau:

Foreign Relations of Guinea Bissau:

History of Guinea-Bissau:

Economy of Guinea-Bissau:

1961  The Portuguese luxury cruise ship Santa Maria is hijacked by opponents of the Estado Novo regime with the intention of waging war until dictator António de Oliveira Salazar is overthrown.

1958  After a general uprising and rioting in the streets, President Marcos Pérez Jiménez leaves Venezuela.

1950  The Knesset passes a resolution that states Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.

Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel:

1945  World War II: German admiral Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal.

Operation Hannibal:

Karl Dönitz:

1943  World War II: The Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse on Guadalcanal during the Guadalcanal Campaign ends.

1943  Duke Ellington plays at Carnegie Hall in New York City for the first time.

1943 World War II: Australian and American forces finally defeat the Japanese army in Papua.

1943  World War II: Troops of Montgomery‘s Eighth Army capture Tripoli in Libya from the German–Italian Panzer Army.

1942  World War II: The Battle of Rabaul begins, the first fighting of the New Guinea campaign.

Battle of Rabaul of 1942:

1941  Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.

1937  In Moscow, 17 leading Communists go on trial accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky to overthrow Joseph Stalin‘s regime and assassinate its leaders.

1920  The Netherlands refuses to surrender the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies.

1912  The International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague.

The 1912 Hague International Opium Convention:

1904  Ålesund Fire: the Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style.

1900  Second Boer War: The Battle of Spion Kop between the forces of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and British forces ends in a British defeat.

Second Boer War:

Battle of Spion Kop:

Boer Wars:

1899  Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as President of the First Philippine Republic.

1899  The Malolos Constitution is inaugurated, establishing the First Philippine Republic.

1879  Anglo-Zulu War: the Battle of Rorke’s Drift ends.

Anglo-Zulu War:

Anglo-Zulu War Timelines:

Battle of Rorke’s Drift:

 

 

JANUARY 24

2014  The Philippines and the Bangsamoro agree to a peace deal that would help end the 45-year conflict.

Bangsamora Peace Deal of 2014:

2014  Three bombs explode in the Egyptian capital, Cairo, killing about seven people and injuring over 100 others.

2011  At least 35 die and 180 are injured in a bombing at Moscow’s Domodedovo Airport.

2003  The United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins operation.

United States Department of Homeland Security:

1986  Polish Prime Minister Józef Oleksy resigns amid charges that he spied for Moscow.

1993  Turkish journalist and writer Uğur Mumcu is assassinated by a car bomb in Ankara.

1990  Japan launches Hiten, the country’s first lunar probe, the first robotic lunar probe since the Soviet Union‘s Luna 24 in 1976, and the first lunar probe launched by a country other than Soviet Union or the United States.

1986  Voyager 2 passes within 81,500 kilometres (50,600 mi) of Uranus.

1984  The first Apple Macintosh goes on sale.

1979  US performs nuclear test (underground) at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1978  Soviet satellite Kosmos 954, with a nuclear reactor on board, burns up in Earth’s atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over Canada’s Northwest Territories. Only 1% is recovered.

1977  Massacre of Atocha in Madrid, during the Spanish transition to democracy.

Massacre of Atocha:

1972  Japanese Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi is found hiding in a Guam jungle, where he had been since the end of World War II.

Shoichi Yokoi:

1968  Vietnam War: The 1st Australian Task Force launches Operation Coburg against the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong during wider fighting around Long Bình and Biên Hòa.

1968 in the Vietnam War:

Operation Coburg:

1961  Goldsboro B-52 crash: A bomber carrying two H-bombs breaks up in mid-air over North Carolina. The uranium core of one weapon remains lost.

1960  Algerian War: Some units of European volunteers in Algiers stage an insurrection known as the “barricades week”, during which they seize government buildings and clash with local police.

Algerian War:

Charles de Gaulle’s Policies on Algeria:

History of Algeria:

Algeria:

Economy of Algeria:

Foreign Relations of Algeria:

Algeria and the United Nations:

1947  Greek banker Dimitrios Maximos becomes Prime Minister of Greece.

1946  The United Nations General Assembly passes its first resolution to establish the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission.

UNGA Resolution on Establishing a UN Atomic Energy Commission:

UN Atomic Energy Commission and History of the International Atomic Energy Agency:

1943  World War II: Franklin D Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference in Casablanca.

1942  World War II: The Allies bombard Bangkok, leading Thailand, then under Japanese control, to declare war against the United States and United Kingdom.

1939  The deadliest earthquake in Chilean history strikes Chillán, killing approximately 28,000 people.

Chillán Earthquake of 1939:

1918  The Gregorian calendar is introduced in Russia by decree of the Council of People’s Commissars effective February 14(NS)

1915  World War One: British Grand Fleet battle cruisers under Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty engage Rear-Admiral Franz von Hipper‘s battle cruisers in the Battle of Dogger Bank.

1911  Japanese anarchist Shūsui Kōtoku is hanged for treason in a case now considered a miscarriage of justice.

1900  Second Boer War: Boers stop a British attempt to break the Siege of Ladysmith in the Battle of Spion Kop.

Second Boer War:

Siege of Ladysmith:

Battle of Spion Kop:

1878  The revolutionary Vera Zasulich shoots at Fyodor Trepov, the Governor of Saint Petersburg.

1862  Bucharest is proclaimed the capital of Romania.

1859  Political and state union of Moldavia and Wallachia; Alexandru Ioan Cuza is elected as Domnitor in both Principalities.

1857  The University of Calcutta is formally founded as the first fully fledged university in South Asia.

 

 

JANUARY 25

2015  US President Barack Obama and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi make progress in the areas of defense and nuclear trade; the countries plan to cooperate on defense issues, military manufacturing initiatives and nuclear power development.

US-India Nuclear Trade Meeting of January 2015:

Nuclear Weapons of United States and India:

Nuclear Power of the United States and India:

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA):

2015  A clash in Mamasapano, Maguindanao in the Philippines killing 44 members of Special Action Force (SAF), at least 18 from Moro Islamic Liberation Front and five from Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters.

2013  At least 50 people are killed and 120 people are injured in a prison riot in Barquisimeto, Venezuela.

2011  The first wave of the Egyptian revolution begins in Egypt, with a series of street demonstrations, marches, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, riots, labor strikes, and violent clashes in Cairo, Alexandria, and throughout other cities in Egypt.

2006  Three independent observing campaigns announce the discovery of OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb through gravitational microlensing, the first cool rocky/icy extrasolar planet around a main-sequence star.

2004  Opportunity rover (MER-B) lands on surface of Mars.

2003  Invasion of Iraq: A group of people leave London, England, for Baghdad, Iraq, to serve as human shields, intending to prevent the U.S.-led coalition troops from bombing certain locations.

1999  A suicide attack by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam on Sri Lanka‘s Temple of the Tooth kills eight and injures 25 others.

1998  A suicide attack by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam on Sri Lanka‘s Temple of the Tooth kills eight and injures 25 others.

1998  During a historic visit to Cuba, Pope John Paul II demands political reforms and the release of political prisoners while condemning US attempts to isolate the country.

1995  The Norwegian rocket incident: Russia almost launches a nuclear attack after it mistakes Black Brant XII, a Norwegian research rocket, for a US Trident missile.

1994  The Clementine space probe launches.

1993  Five people are shot outside the CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia. Two are killed and three wounded.

1986  The National Resistance Movement topples the government of Tito Okello in Uganda.

National Resistance Movement:

History of Uganda:

Uganda:

Foreign Relations of Uganda:

Uganda and the United Nations:

Economy of Uganda:

1981  Jiang Qing, the widow of Mao Zedong, is sentenced to death.

1980  Mother Teresa is honored with India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna

Bharat Ratna Award and Mother Teresa:

Mother Teresa and Her Biography:

Controversies:

Miracles and Mother Teresa:

1979  Pope John Paul II starts his first official papal visits outside Italy to The Bahamas, Dominican Republic and Mexico.

1971  Idi Amin leads a coup deposing Milton Obote and becomes Uganda‘s president.

For some more pertinent information on Uganda, see “1986 The National Resistance Movement topples the government of Tito Okello in Uganda”, mentioned above.

Idi Amin’s Coup of 1971:

Apollo Milton Obote:

1969  Brazilian Army captain Carlos Lamarca deserts in order to fight against the military dictatorship, taking with him ten machine guns and 63 rifles.

1969  US-North Vietnamese peace talks begin in Paris.

Ending the US Involvement in the Vietnam War:

Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events:

Vietnam War Peace Talks/Negotiations:

1961  In Washington, DC, President John F. Kennedy delivers the first live presidential television news conference.

1955  US and Panama sign canal treaty.

US-Panama Treaty of 1955 (Remon-Eisenhower Treaty) and the Pertinent Treaties:

History of Panama:

Panama:

Foreign Relations of Panama:

Economy of Panama:

1955  The Soviet Union ends the state of war with Germany.

Soviet Occupation of Germany (1945 – 1954/55):

History of Germany:

Foreign Relations of Germany:

History of German Democratic Republic (East Germany):

Occupation of Germany:

Allied Control Council:

1945  World War II: The Battle of the Bulge ends.

Battle of the Bulge:

1944  Florence Li Tim-Oi is ordained in China, becoming the first woman Anglican priest.

1942  World War II: Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom.

1941  Pope Pius XII elevates the Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands to the dignity of a diocese. It becomes the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu.

1932  Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese National Revolutionary Army begins its defense of Harbin.

1918      Ukraine declares independence from Bolshevik Russia.

History of Ukraine:

Ukraine-Russian Relations:

1915  Alexander Graham Bell inaugurates US transcontinental telephone service, speaking from New York to Thomas Watson in San Francisco.

1909  Richard Strauss‘s opera Elektra receives its debut performance at the Dresden State Opera.

1890  Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.

1881  Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company.

1879  The Bulgarian National Bank is founded.

1858  The Wedding March by Felix Mendelssohn is played at the marriage of Queen Victoria‘s daughter, Victoria, and Friedrich of Prussia, and becomes a popular wedding recessional.

1792  The London Corresponding Society is founded.

1787  Shays’s Rebellion: The rebellion’s largest confrontation, outside the Springfield Armory, results in the killing of four rebels and the wounding of twenty.

1755  Moscow University is established on Tatiana Day.

1704  The Battle of Ayubale results in the destruction of most of the Spanish missions in Florida.

1575  Luanda, the capital of Angola, is founded by the Portuguese navigator Paulo Dias de Novais.

History of Angola:

 

 

JANUARY 26

2015  Libby Lane becomes the first woman ordained a bishop of the Church of England.

2009  Rioting breaks out in Antananarivo, Madagascar, sparking a political crisis that will result in the replacement of President Marc Ravalomanana with Andry Rajoelina.

2001  An earthquake hits Gujarat, India, causing more than 20,000 deaths.

1992  Boris Yeltsin announces that Russia will stop targeting United States cities with nuclear weapons.

1991  Mohamed Siad Barre is removed from power in Somalia, ending centralized government, and is succeeded by Ali Mahdi.

1991 in Somalia and the Somali Civil War:

History of Somalia:

Somalia:

Foreign Relations of Somalia:

Economy of Somalia:

1986  The Ugandan government of Tito Okello is overthrown by the National Resistance Army, led by Yoweri Museveni.

Uganda in January 1986:

History of Uganda:

Uganda:

Foreign Relations of Uganda:

Uganda and the United Nations:

Economy of Uganda:

1980  Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations.

Israel-Egypt Relations:

Foreign Relations of Israel:

Israel -US Relations:

Israel-Vatican Relations:

Israel:

Israel’s Nuclear Capability:

History of Israel:

Economy of Israel:

Egypt:

Foreign Relations of Egypt:

History of (Modern) Egypt:

Economy of Egypt:

1978  The Great Blizzard of 1978, a rare severe blizzard strikes the Ohio – Great Lakes region with heavy snow and winds up to 100 mph (161 km/h).

1967  USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan, USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1967:

USSR Nuclear Tests:

Sary-Shagan Test Site:

1965  Hindi becomes the official language of India.

1962  Ranger program: Ranger 3 is launched to study the Moon. The space probe later misses the moon by 22,000 miles (35,400 km).

1961  John F. Kennedy appoints Janet G. Travell to be his physician. This is the first time a woman holds the appointment of Physician to the President.

1956  Soviet Union hands Porkkala back to Finland.

1952  Black Saturday in Egypt: rioters burn Cairo‘s central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.

1950  The Constitution of India comes into force, forming a republic. Rajendra Prasad is sworn in as its first President of India. Observed as Republic Day in India.

1949  The Hale telescope at Palomar Observatory sees first light under the direction of Edwin Hubble, becoming the largest aperture optical telescope (until BTA-6 is built in 1976).

1945  World War II: Audie Murphy in action for which he will be awarded the Medal of Honor.

1945  World War II: The Red Army begins encircling the German Fourth Army near Heiligenbeil in East Prussia, which will end in destruction of the 4th Army two months later.

1942  World War II: The first United States forces arrive in Europe landing in Northern Ireland.

1939  Spanish Civil War – Catalonia Offensive: Troops loyal to nationalist General Francisco Franco and aided by Italy take Barcelona.

Spanish Civil War:

Catalonia Offensive:

Catalonia and Its History:

1934  German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed.

German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact of January 26, 1934:

On April 28, 1939, German/Hitler Abandons the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact:

History of Poland:

Poland:

Foreign Relations of Poland:

Economy of Poland:

1930  The Indian National Congress declares 26 January as Independence Day or as the day for Poorna Swaraj (“Complete Independence”) which occurred 17 years later.

1924  Saint Petersburg, Russia, is renamed Leningrad.

History of Saint Petersburg:

1918  Finnish Civil War: A group of Red Guards hangs a red lantern atop the tower of Helsinki Workers’ Hall to symbolically mark the start of the war.

Red Guards (Finland):

Finnish Civil War:

1915  The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the US Congress.

1911 Richard Strauss‘ opera Der Rosenkavalier receives its debut performance at the Dresden State Opera.

1911  Glenn H. Curtiss flies the first successful American seaplane.

1905  The world’s largest diamond ever, the Cullinan weighing 3,106.75 carats (0.621350 kg), is found at the Premier Mine near Pretoria in South Africa.

1885  Troops loyal to The Mahdi conquer Khartoum, killing the Governor-General Charles George Gordon.

1855  Point No Point Treaty is signed in Washington Territory.

Point No Point Treaty:

Native People of America (a.k.a. American Indians):

History of Native People of America:

1841  The United Kingdom formally occupies Hong Kong, which China later formally cedes.

1788  The British First Fleet, led by Arthur Phillip, sails into Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) to establish Sydney, the first permanent European settlement on the continent. Commemorated as Australia Day.

 

 

JANUARY 27

Today is the INTERNATIONAL HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE DAY:

2015  Alexis Tsipras, leader of the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) party, is elected as Prime Minister of Greece on an anti-austerity platform.

2011  Arab Spring: The Yemeni Revolution begins as over 16,000 protestors demonstrate in Sana’a.

Arab Spring:

Arab Spring and the CIA:

Arab Spring and Al-Qaeda:

Arab Spring and Israel:

Yemen and the Arab Spring:

History of Yemen:

Yemen:

Foreign Relations of Yemen:

Economy of Yemen:

2010  The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis ends when Porfirio Lobo Sosa becomes the new President of Honduras.

2006  Western Union discontinues its Telegram and Commercial Messaging services.

2003  The first selections for the National Recording Registry are announced by the Library of Congress.

2002  An explosion at a military storage facility in Lagos, Nigeria, kills at least 1,100 people and displaces over 20,000 others.

1996  Germany first observes International Holocaust Remembrance Day.

1996  In a military coup Colonel Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara deposes the first democratically elected president of Niger, Mahamane Ousmane.

1983  The pilot shaft of the Seikan Tunnel, the world’s longest sub-aqueous tunnel (53.85 km) between the Japanese islands of Honshū and Hokkaidō, breaks through.

1980  Through cooperation between the U.S. and Canadian governments, six American diplomats secretly escape hostilities in Iran in the culmination of the Canadian Caper.

1973  The Paris Peace Accords officially end the Vietnam War. Colonel William Nolde is killed in action becoming the conflict’s last recorded American combat casualty.

William Nolde:

Vietnam War in 1973:

Paris Peace Accords of 1973:

Ending the US Involvement in the Vietnam War:

Anti-Viet Nam War Movement or Opposition to United States Involvement in the Vietnam War:

Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events:

1967 The United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union sign the Outer Space Treaty in Washington, D.C., banning deployment of nuclear weapons in space, and limiting use of the Moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes.

1967  Astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee are killed in a fire during a test of their Apollo 1 spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

1961  Soviet submarine S-80 sinks with all hands lost.

1951  Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site begins with a one-kiloton bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat.

First Nuclear Test at the Nevada Test Site:

Atmospheric/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:

Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1945  World War II: The Red Army liberates the remained inmates of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp built by the Nazi Germans on the territory of Poland.

1944  World War II: The 900-day Siege of Leningrad is lifted.

1943  World War II: The VIII Bomber Command dispatched ninety-one B-17s and B-24s to attack the U-Boat construction yards at Wilhelmshaven, Germany. This was the first American bombing attack on Germany of the war.

1939  First flight of the Lockheed P-38 Lightning.

1927  Ibn Saud takes the title of King of Nejd.

1909  The Young Left is founded in Norway.

1888  The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C.

1880  Thomas Edison receives the patent on the incandescent lamp.

 

 

JANUARY 28

2015  New anti-austerity Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras halts the public asset privatizations required under Greece’s bailout agreement with its foreign creditors; Standard & Poor’s has lowered its rating on Greek national debt from stable to negative.

Greek Economy and Its National Debt Problem:

Modern History of Greece:

2013  Hareetz’, Israel’s oldest daily newspaper, publishes a story in which Israel admits it has administered birth-control injections to Ethiopian Jewish immigrants, without fully educating recipients of its effect.

Ethiopian Jewish Immigrants and Birth-Control Injection:

2010  Five murderers of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman of Bangladesh are hung.

2002  TAME Flight 120, a Boeing 727-100 crashes in the Andes mountains in southern Colombia, killing 92.

1986  Space Shuttle program: STS-51-L mission – Space Shuttle Challenger explodes after liftoff, killing all seven astronauts on board.

1985  Supergroup USA for Africa (United Support of Artists for Africa) records the hit single We Are the World, to help raise funds for Ethiopian famine relief.

1982  US Army general James L. Dozier is rescued by Italian anti-terrorism forces from captivity by the Red Brigades.

1982  US performs nuclear test (underground test) at Nevada Test Site.

Bibliography of Reports on Studies of Underground Nuclear Test Sites:

Nuclear Weapons Tests of the United States:

Nevada Test Site:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1981  Ronald Reagan lifts remaining domestic petroleum price and allocation controls in the United States helping to end the 1979 energy crisis and begin the 1980s oil glut.

1979  Pope John Paul II starts his first pastoral visit to Mexico.

Pope John Paul II’s World Travels:

Pope John Paul II:

1964  unarmed United States Air Force T-39 Sabreliner on a training mission is shot down over Erfurt, East Germany, by a Soviet MiG-19.

1961  Republic of Rwanda proclaimed.

Rwanda:

Foreign Relations of Rwanda:

History of Rwanda:        

Economy of Rwanda:

1958  The Lego company patents the design of its Lego bricks, still compatible with bricks produced today.

Lego:

1956  Elvis Presley makes his first US television appearance.

1951  Nuclear testing (atmospheric/High-altitude nuclear explosion testing) at the Nevada Test Site, United States, is performed with a one-kiloton bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat.

Atmospheric/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:

Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1945  World War II: Supplies begin to reach the Republic of China over the newly reopened Burma Road.

1941  Franco-Thai War: Final air battle of the conflict. A Japanese-mediated armistice goes into effect later in the day.

Franco-Thai War:

1935  Iceland becomes the first Western country to legalize therapeutic abortion.

1933  The name Pakistan is coined by Choudhry Rahmat Ali Khan and is accepted by the Indian Muslims who then thereby adopted it further for the Pakistan Movement seeking independence.

1932  Japanese forces attack Shanghai.

Japan’s Shanghai Attack of 1932:

1922  Knickerbocker Storm, Washington D.C.’s biggest snowfall, causes the city’s greatest loss of life when the roof of the Knickerbocker Theatre collapses.

1918  Finnish Civil War: Rebels seize control of the capital, Helsinki, and members of the Senate of Finland go underground.

Finnish Civil War:

1915  An act of the US Congress creates the United States Coast Guard as a branch of the United States Armed Forces.

1909  United States troops leave Cuba with the exception of Guantanamo Bay Naval Base after being there since the Spanish–American War.

History of the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base:

Human Rights in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base:

1908  Members of the Portuguese Republican Party fail in their attempted coup d’état against the administrative dictatorship of Prime Minister João Franco.

1902  The Carnegie Institution of Washington is founded in Washington, D.C. with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie.

1878  Yale Daily News becomes the first daily college newspaper in the United States.

1871  Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Paris ends in French defeat and an armistice.

Siege of Paris (1870-1871):

Franco-Prussian War:

Timelines of the Franco-Prussian War:

1846  The Battle of Aliwal, India, is won by British troops commanded by Sir Harry Smith.

1821  Alexander Island is first discovered by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen.

1820  A Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev discovers the Antarctic continent, approaching the Antarctic coast.

1813  Jane Austen‘s Pride and Prejudice is first published in the United Kingdom.

Jane Austin’s Books:

 

 

JANUARY 29

2013  Malaysia has officially declared the disappearance of missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 an accident and its passengers and crew presumed dead.

Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370:

2009  The Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt rules that people who do not adhere to one of the three government-recognized religions, while not allowed to list any belief outside of those three, are still eligible to receive government identity documents.

2005  The first direct commercial flights from mainland China (from Guangzhou) to Taiwan since 1949 arrived in Taipei. Shortly afterwards, a China Airlines flight lands in Beijing.

2002  In his State of the Union address, President George W. Bush describes “regimes that sponsor terror” as an Axis of evil, in which he includes Iraq, Iran and North Korea.

State of the Union Address of 2002, by President George W. Bush:

2001  Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm parliament and demand that President Abdurrahman Wahid resign due to alleged involvement in corruption scandals.

1998  In Birmingham, Alabama, a bomb explodes at an abortion clinic, killing one and severely wounding another. Serial bomber Eric Robert Rudolph is suspected as the culprit.

1996  President Jacques Chirac announces a “definitive end” to French nuclear weapons testing.

1991  Gulf War: The Battle of Khafji, the first major ground engagement of the war, as well as its deadliest, begins.

Battle of Khafji:

1991 Gulf War and Its Timeline:

1989  Hungary establishes diplomatic relations with South Korea, making it the first Eastern Bloc nation to do so.

1970  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1970:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:

Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk:

1967  The “ultimate high” of the hippie era, the Mantra-Rock Dance, takes place in San Francisco and features Janis Joplin, Grateful Dead, and Allen Ginsberg.

1948  The Pakistan Socialist Party is founded in Karachi.

Pakistan Socialist Party (1948-1958):

History of Pakistan:

1944  In Bologna, Italy, the Anatomical theatre of the Archiginnasio is destroyed in an air-raid.

1944  World War II: Approximately 38 people are killed and about a dozen injured when the Polish village of Koniuchy (present-day Kaniūkai, Lithuania) is attacked by Soviet partisan units.

1943  The first day of the Battle of Rennell Island, U.S. cruiser Chicago is torpedoed and heavily damaged by Japanese bombers.

1941  Alexandros Koryzis becomes Prime Minister of Greece upon the sudden death of his predecessor, dictator Ioannis Metaxas.

1918  Ukrainian–Soviet War: An armed uprising organized by the Bolsheviks in anticipation of the encroaching Red Army begins at the Kiev Arsenal, which will be put down six days later.

1918  Ukrainian–Soviet War: The Bolshevik Red Army, on its way to besiege Kiev, is met by a small group of military students at the Battle of Kruty.

Ukrainian-Soviet War (1917-21):

History of Ukraine:

Ukraine-Russian Relations:

1916  World War I: Paris is first bombed by German zeppelins.

1891  Liliuokalani is proclaimed the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

Liliuokalani:

Kingdom of Hawaii:

History of Hawaii:

1886  Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile.

1863  The Bear River Massacre: A detachment of California Volunteers led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor engage the Shoshone at Bear River, Washington Territory, killing hundreds of men women and children.

1819  Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore.

1814  War of the Sixth Coalition: France defeats Russia and Prussia in the Battle of Brienne.

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(Sources and references: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/january_23    january_29; http://www.onthisday.com/events/january/23    to january/29;   http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/january_23.html.    to january_29.html; and other pertinent web sites and/or documents, mentioned above.)

  1. The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.
  2. One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about “peace”, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external/outer peace and internal/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address “peace”.

Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program/project officer, legal protection/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.  His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.  His interest and/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental/ecological issues, science and technology, visual/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, he is currently compiling This Week in History

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 23 Jan 2017.

Anticopyright: Editorials and articles originated on TMS may be freely reprinted, disseminated, translated and used as background material, provided an acknowledgement and link to the source, TMS: This Week in History, is included. Thank you.

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